Plants: in thin mats, light green to yellowish. Stems: 3 cm, 1.5â2.5 mm wide, creeping. Leaves: squarrose-spreading, sometimes erect-spreading, usually appearing distichous and complanate due to twisting of leaves to form 2 rows on opposite sides of stems and branches, not or weakly plicate, 1â2 à 0.3â0.7 mm; base not decurrent or sometimes 1â3 short cells indistinctly decurrent; margins serrulate to serrate; alar cells quadrate to short-rectangular on margins, sometimes 1 cell at extreme basal angle, rounded to oval and inflated, 14â34 à 9â22 µm, green; basal laminal cell walls pitted, indistinctly pitted distally, sometimes pits absent; medial cells 43â80 à 3â6 µm. Sexual: condition autoicous. Seta: light brown to red, 1.2â2 cm. Capsule: inclined, light brown, oblong to cylindric, slightly arcuate, 0.8â2 à 0.3â0.6 mm, contracted below mouth when dry; operculum conic to conic-apiculate, 0.3â0.4 mm. Spores: 10â15 µm. Phenology: Capsules mature summer. Habitat: Coniferous woods, swamps, humus, base of trees, rotten logs, stumps, rock Elevation: low to moderate elevations (30-500 m) Distribution: Alta., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Conn., Ill., Ind., Maine, Mass., Mich., Minn., Mont., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Vt., Va., Wis., Europe, Asia.
Discussion: Herzogiella turfacea is characterized by the often distant, erect- to wide-spreading, sometimes plicate leaves, appearing distichous due to their twisting to opposite sides of the stems and branches, poorly differentiated alar cells, and striate capsules. The species is common in northeastern North America between 40â50º N but rare farther south in North and South Carolina and Virginia. It is known from only a few scattered localities in Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Illinois, Montana, Ohio, and South Dakota.