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Organism
  Plantae
   Viridiplantae
     Streptophyta
     Embryophyta
      Tracheophyta
        Spermatophytina
            Magnoliopsida
                  Asteranae
                    Gentianales
                           [Rubiales]
                            Apocynaceae
                                   [Carissaceae]
                                   [Cerberaceae]
                                   [Cynanchaceae]
                                   [Periplocaceae]
                                   [Plumeriaceae]
                                   [Stapeliaceae]
                                   [Vincaceae]
                                     Acerates
                                     Acokanthera
                                             Acokanthera oblongifolia
                                                   [Acokanthera spectabilis]
                                             Acokanthera oppositifolia
                                                   [Acokanthera longiflora]
                                             Acokanthera rotundata
                                             Acokanthera schimperi
                                                   [Acokanthera deflersii]
                                                   [Acokanthera friesiorum]
                                             Acokanthera venenata
                                     Adenium
                                             Adenium obesum
                                               Adenium obesum subsp. boehmianum
                                                     [Adenium boehmianum]
                                               Adenium obesum subsp. multiflorum
                                                     [Adenium multiflorum]
                                               Adenium obesum subsp. somalense
                                                     [Adenium somalense]
                                               Adenium obesum subsp. swazicum
                                                     [Adenium swazicum]
                                     Alafia
                                             Alafia barteri
                                             Alafia caudata
                                             Alafia erythrophthalma
                                             Alafia lucida
                                             Alafia microstylis
                                             Alafia multiflora
                                             Alafia orientalis
                                             Alafia scandens
                                                   [Alafia landolphioides]
                                             Alafia schumannii
                                             Alafia thouarsii
                                     Allamanda
                                             Allamanda angustifolia
                                             Allamanda blanchetii
                                                   [Allamanda violacea]
                                             Allamanda cathartica
                                                   [Allamanda cathartica var. grandiflora]
                                                   [Allamanda hendersonii]
                                             Allamanda doniana
                                             Allamanda nobilis
                                             Allamanda oenotherifolia
                                             Allamanda puberula
                                             Allamanda schottii
                                                   [Allamanda neriifolia]
                                             Allamanda weberbaueri
                                     Allotoonia
                                             Allotoonia agglutinata
                                                   [Echites agglutinata]
                                                   [Echites agglutinatus]
                                                   [Prestonia agglutinata]
                                     Alstonia
                                             Alstonia actinophylla
                                             Alstonia angustifolia
                                             Alstonia balansae
                                                   [Alstonia undulata]
                                             Alstonia boonei
                                             Alstonia congensis
                                             Alstonia coriacea
                                             Alstonia costata
                                                   [Alstonia marquisensis]
                                                   [Alstonia montana]
                                                   [Alstonia plumosa]
                                                   [Alstonia roeperi]
                                                   [Alstonia vitiensis]
                                             Alstonia deplanchei
                                             Alstonia lanceolata
                                             Alstonia lanceolifera
                                             Alstonia legouixiae
                                             Alstonia lenormandii
                                                   [Alstonia filipes]
                                             Alstonia macrophylla
                                                   [Alstonia brassii]
                                             Alstonia mollis
                                                   [Alstonia constricta]
                                             Alstonia muelleriana
                                             Alstonia pacifica
                                             Alstonia parvifolia
                                             Alstonia pneumatophora
                                             Alstonia scholaris
                                                   [Alstonia scholaris var. velutina]
                                                   [Echites scholaris]
                                             Alstonia spatulata
                                             Alstonia spectabilis
                                               Alstonia spectabilis subsp. spectabilis
                                             Alstonia venenata
                                             Alstonia vieillardii
                                             Alstonia yunnanensis
                                     Alyxia
                                           [Alexia]
                                             Alyxia acuminata
                                             Alyxia angustifolia
                                             Alyxia annamensis
                                             Alyxia bracteolosa
                                             Alyxia buxifolia
                                             Alyxia caletioides
                                                   [Alyxia celastrinea]
                                             Alyxia celebica
                                             Alyxia clusiophylla
                                             Alyxia composita
                                             Alyxia concatenata
                                                   [Paralstonia clusiacea]
                                             Alyxia erythrosperma
                                             Alyxia fascicularis
                                             Alyxia glaucophylla
                                             Alyxia gynopogon
                                                   [Alyxia daphnoides]
                                             Alyxia hurlimannii
                                                   [Alyxia baumannii]
                                             Alyxia ilicifolia
                                             Alyxia kabaenae
                                             Alyxia lamii
                                                   [Alyxia subalpina]
                                             Alyxia leucogyne
                                             Alyxia loeseneriana
                                             Alyxia lucida
                                             Alyxia luzoniensis
                                             Alyxia markgrafii
                                             Alyxia monticola
                                                   [Alyxia sibuyanensis]
                                             Alyxia obovata
                                             Alyxia oleifolia
                                             Alyxia parvifolia
                                             Alyxia pilosa
                                             Alyxia podocarpa
                                             Alyxia pseudosinensis
                                             Alyxia racemosa
                                             Alyxia reinwardtii
                                             Alyxia rubricaulis
                                             Alyxia ruscifolia
                                             Alyxia sarasinii
                                             Alyxia siamensis
                                                   [Alyxia yunkuniana]
                                             Alyxia sinensis
                                             Alyxia spicata
                                             Alyxia stellata
                                                   [Alyxia brevipes]
                                                   [Alyxia oliviformis var. lanceolata]
                                                   [Alyxia oliviformis var. myrtillifolia]
                                                   [Alyxia oliviformis var. oliviformis]
                                                   [Alyxia oliviformis var. ovata]
                                                   [Alyxia oliviformis]
                                                   [Alyxia scandens]
                                                   [Alyxia stellata var. deckeri]
                                                   [Alyxia torresiana]
                                             Alyxia tisserantii
                                                   [Alyxia affinis]
                                                   [Alyxia diellipticocarpa]
                                                   [Alyxia disphaerocarpa]
                                                   [Alyxia dolioliflora]
                                                   [Alyxia myrtoides]
                                                   [Alyxia nummularia]
                                                   [Alyxia spathulata]
                                             Alyxia torqueata
                                     Ammocallis
                                     Amphistelma
                                     Amsonia
                                             Amsonia ciliata
                                                   [Amsonia angustifolia]
                                               Amsonia ciliata var. ciliata
                                               Amsonia ciliata var. tenuifolia
                                                     [Amsonia ciliata var. filifolia]
                                               Amsonia ciliata var. texana
                                             Amsonia elliptica
                                             Amsonia fugatei
                                             Amsonia grandiflora
                                             Amsonia hubrichtii
                                             Amsonia illustris
                                             Amsonia jonesii
                                             Amsonia kearneyana
                                             Amsonia latifolia
                                             Amsonia longiflora
                                               Amsonia longiflora var. longiflora
                                               Amsonia longiflora var. salpignantha
                                                     [Amsonia salpignantha]
                                             Amsonia ludoviciana
                                             Amsonia palmeri
                                                   [Amsonia arizonica]
                                                   [Amsonia hirtella var. pogonosepala]
                                                   [Amsonia hirtella]
                                                   [Amsonia pogonosepala]
                                                   [Amsonia standleyi]
                                             Amsonia peeblesii
                                             Amsonia repens
                                             Amsonia rigida
                                             Amsonia tabernaemontana
                                               Amsonia tabernaemontana var. gattingeri
                                               Amsonia tabernaemontana var. salicifolia
                                                     [Amsonia salicifolia]
                                               Amsonia tabernaemontana var. tabernaemontana
                                                     [Amsonia amsonia]
                                                     [Amsonia glaberrima]
                                             Amsonia tharpii
                                             Amsonia tomentosa
                                                   [Amsonia brevifolia var. tomentosa]
                                                   [Amsonia brevifolia]
                                                   [Amsonia tomentosa var. tomentosa]
                                               Amsonia tomentosa var. stenophylla
                                                     [Amsonia arenaria]
                                                     [Amsonia eastwoodiana]
                                     Anantherix
                                     Androsaemum
                                     Anechites
                                             Anechites nerium
                                                   [Anechites asperuginis]
                                                   [Echites asperuginis]
                                     Angadenia
                                             Angadenia berteroi
                                                   [Angadenia sagrae]
                                                   [Rhabdadenia corallicola]
                                                   [Rhabdadenia sagraei]
                                             Angadenia lindeniana
                                     Anodendron
                                             Anodendron affine
                                             Anodendron axillare
                                             Anodendron benthamianum
                                             Anodendron coriaceum
                                             Anodendron oblongifolium
                                             Anodendron parviflorum
                                                   [Anodendron manubriatum]
                                                   [Anodendron paniculatum]
                                                   [Anodendron rhinosporum]
                                                   [Anodendron sutepense]
                                     Aphanostylis
                              Apocynoideae
                                     Aganosma
                                             Aganosma cymosa
                                             Aganosma schlechteriana
                                             Aganosma siamensis
                                             Aganosma wallichii
                                     Allomarkgrafia
                                             Allomarkgrafia campanulata
                                                   [Mandevilla campanulata]
                                             Allomarkgrafia ovalis
                                             Allomarkgrafia plumeriiflora
                                             Allomarkgrafia tubiflora
                                     Amalocalyx
                                             Amalocalyx microlobus
                                     Amphineurion
                                             Amphineurion marginatum
                                                   [Aganosma acuminata]
                                                   [Aganosma marginata]
                                                   [Holarrhena procumbens]
                                     Artia
                                             Artia balansae
                                                   [Parsonsia balansae]
                                     Baharuia
                                             Baharuia gracilis
                                     Baissea
                                             Baissea axillaris
                                             Baissea baillonii
                                                   [Baissea breviloba]
                                             Baissea gracillima
                                             Baissea leonensis
                                                   [Baissea odorata]
                                                   [Baissea ogowensis]
                                             Baissea multiflora
                                                   [Baissea laxiflora]
                                             Baissea myrtifolia
                                                   [Zygodia melanocephala]
                                             Baissea viridiflora
                                     Bousigonia
                                             Bousigonia mekongensis
                                     Carruthersia
                                             Carruthersia axilliflora
                                             Carruthersia latifolia
                                             Carruthersia pilosa
                                                   [Carruthersia kindleyi]
                                                   [Carruthersia macgregorii]
                                             Carruthersia scandens
                                     Dewevrella
                                             Dewevrella cochliostema
                                     Galactophora
                                             Galactophora crassifolia
                                             Galactophora pumila
                                     Ichnocarpus
                                             Ichnocarpus frutescens
                                                   [Ichnocarpus frutescens var. pubescens]
                                                   [Ichnocarpus ovatifolius]
                                                   [Ichnocarpus volubilis]
                                     Isonema
                                             Isonema smeathmannii
                                     Ixodonerium
                                             Ixodonerium annamense
                                     Motandra
                                             Motandra paniculata
                                                   [Motandra guineensis]
                                     Neobracea
                                             Neobracea valenzuelana
                                     Oncinotis
                                             Oncinotis glabrata
                                             Oncinotis gracilis
                                             Oncinotis nitida
                                     Orthanthera
                                             Orthanthera albida
                                             Orthanthera jasminiflora
                                             Orthanthera viminea
                                     Papuechites
                                             Papuechites aambe
                                     Pleioceras
                                             Pleioceras barteri
                                             Pleioceras zenkeri
                                     Pottsia
                                             Pottsia grandiflora
                                             Pottsia laxiflora
                                     Rhodocalyx
                                             Rhodocalyx riedelii
                                                   [Prestonia riedelii]
                                             Rhodocalyx rotundifolius
                                     Secondatia
                                             Secondatia densiflora
                                                   [Secondatia peruviana]
                                             Secondatia floribunda
                                     Sindechites
                                             Sindechites henryi
                                     Spirolobium
                                             Spirolobium cambodianum
                                     Stipecoma
                                             Stipecoma peltigera
                                     Temnadenia
                                             Temnadenia odorifera
                                             Temnadenia violacea
                                     Urceola
                                           [Parameria]
                                             Urceola brachysepala
                                             Urceola elastica
                                             Urceola javanica
                                             Urceola laevigata
                                                   [Parameria barbata]
                                                   [Parameria glandulifera]
                                                   [Parameria laevigata]
                                                   [Parameria philippinensis]
                                             Urceola micrantha
                                                   [Ecdysanthera utilis]
                                                   [Parabarium micranthum]
                                             Urceola napeensis
                                             Urceola polymorpha
                                                   [Aganonerion polymorphum]
                                             Urceola polyneura
                                                   [Parameria polyneura]
                                             Urceola quintaretii
                                             Urceola rosea
                                                   [Ecdysanthera rosea]
                                             Urceola torulosa
                                             Urceola xylinabariopsoides
                                     Wrightia
                                             Wrightia angustifolia
                                             Wrightia antidysenterica
                                                   [Walidda antidysenterica]
                                             Wrightia arborea
                                                   [Wrightia tomentosa]
                                             Wrightia candollei
                                             Wrightia demartiniana
                                             Wrightia dubia
                                             Wrightia laevis
                                               Wrightia laevis subsp. laevis
                                                     [Wrightia millgar]
                                             Wrightia natalensis
                                             Wrightia pubescens
                                               Wrightia pubescens subsp. pubescens
                                                     [Wrightia annamensis]
                                             Wrightia religiosa
                                             Wrightia saligna
                                             Wrightia sikkimensis
                                             Wrightia tinctoria
                                               Wrightia tinctoria subsp. tinctoria
                                     Apocynum
                                             Apocynum album
                                             Apocynum androsaemifolium
                                                   [Apocynum X floribundum]
                                                   [Apocynum ambigens]
                                                   [Apocynum androsaemifolium subsp. androsaemifolium]
                                                   [Apocynum androsaemifolium subsp. pumilum]
                                                   [Apocynum androsaemifolium var. androsaemifolium]
                                                   [Apocynum androsaemifolium var. glabrum]
                                                   [Apocynum androsaemifolium var. intermedium]
                                                   [Apocynum androsaemifolium var. nevadense]
                                                   [Apocynum androsaemifolium var. pumilum]
                                                   [Apocynum diversifolium]
                                                   [Apocynum floribundum]
                                                   [Apocynum medium var. floribundum]
                                                   [Apocynum pumilum var. pumilum]
                                                   [Apocynum pumilum var. rhomboideum]
                                                   [Apocynum pumilum]
                                                   [Apocynum rhomboideum]
                                                   [Apocynum scopulorum]
                                                   [Apocynum viarum]
                                               Apocynum androsaemifolium var. incanum
                                               Apocynum androsaemifolium var. tomentellum
                                                     [Apocynum arcuatum]
                                                     [Apocynum polycardium]
                                                     [Apocynum pulchellum]
                                                     [Apocynum tomentellum]
                                             Apocynum cannabinum
                                                   [Apocynum album var. hypericifolium]
                                                   [Apocynum angustifolium]
                                                   [Apocynum breweri]
                                                   [Apocynum cannabinum var. angustifolium]
                                                   [Apocynum cannabinum var. glaberrimum]
                                                   [Apocynum cannabinum var. greeneanum]
                                                   [Apocynum cannabinum var. hypericifolium]
                                                   [Apocynum cannabinum var. lanceolatum]
                                                   [Apocynum cannabinum var. nemorale]
                                                   [Apocynum cannabinum var. pubescens]
                                                   [Apocynum cannabinum var. suksdorfii]
                                                   [Apocynum hypericifolium var. salignum]
                                                   [Apocynum hypericifolium]
                                                   [Apocynum longifolium]
                                                   [Apocynum nevadense]
                                                   [Apocynum oblongum]
                                                   [Apocynum oliganthum]
                                                   [Apocynum palustre]
                                                   [Apocynum pubescens]
                                                   [Apocynum salignum]
                                                   [Apocynum sibiricum var. cordigerum]
                                                   [Apocynum sibiricum var. farwellii]
                                                   [Apocynum sibiricum var. salignum]
                                                   [Apocynum sibiricum var. sibiricum]
                                                   [Apocynum sibiricum]
                                                   [Apocynum suksdorfii var. angustifolium]
                                                   [Apocynum suksdorfii]
                                                   [Apocynum suskdorfii]
                                                   [Apocynum thermale]
                                             Apocynum cinereum
                                             Apocynum floribundum
                                                   [Apocynum lividum]
                                                   [Apocynum viarum]
                                             Apocynum venetum
                                             Apocynum × floribundum
                                                   [Apocynum jonesii]
                                                   [Apocynum medium var. floribundum]
                                                   [Apocynum medium var. leuconeuron]
                                                   [Apocynum medium var. lividum]
                                                   [Apocynum medium var. medium]
                                                   [Apocynum medium var. sarniense]
                                                   [Apocynum medium var. vestitum]
                                                   [Apocynum medium]
                                                   [Apocynum milleri]
                                     Araujia
                                             Araujia angustifolia
                                             Araujia brachystephana
                                                   [Morrenia brachystephana]
                                             Araujia herzogii
                                                   [Morrenia herzogii]
                                             Araujia plumosa
                                             Araujia sericifera
                                                   [Araujia albens]
                                                   [Araujia hortorum]
                                                   [Araujia sericofera]
                                             Araujia stormiana
                                                   [Morrenia stormiana]
                                             Araujia stuckertiana
                                               Araujia stuckertiana subsp. grandiflora
                                                     [Morrenia grandiflora]
                                             Araujia variegata
                                                   [Morrenia connectens]
                                                   [Morrenia variegata]
                              Asclepiadoideae
                                     Anisotoma
                                             Anisotoma cordifolia
                                                   [Anisotoma mollis]
                                     Aspidoglossum
                                             Aspidoglossum interruptum
                                             Aspidoglossum ovalifolium
                                                   [Schizoglossum robustum]
                                     Atrostemma
                                             Atrostemma hadrostemmum
                                                   [Gonolobus hadrostemma]
                                             Atrostemma planiflorum
                                                   [Matelea planiflora]
                                     Barjonia
                                             Barjonia cymosa
                                             Barjonia erecta
                                                   [Barjonia linearis]
                                                   [Barjonia obtusifolia]
                                     Chthamalia
                                             Chthamalia nummularia
                                                   [Matelea nummularia]
                                             Chthamalia prostrata
                                                   [Matelea prostrata]
                                             Chthamalia schaffneri
                                                   [Matelea schaffneri]
                                     Cionura
                                             Cionura erecta
                                                   [Marsdenia erecta]
                                     Cristobalia
                                             Cristobalia australis
                                                   [Matelea australis]
                                     Eriostemma
                                             Eriostemma coronaria
                                                   [Hoya coronaria]
                                             Eriostemma purpurea
                                                   [Hoya purpurea]
                                     Fockea
                                             Fockea angustifolia
                                             Fockea edulis
                                     Glossostelma
                                             Glossostelma carsonii
                                     Hemipogon
                                             Hemipogon setaceus
                                     Heterostemma
                                             Heterostemma acuminatum
                                             Heterostemma alatum
                                             Heterostemma cuspidatum
                                             Heterostemma grandiflorum
                                             Heterostemma herbertii
                                             Heterostemma kaniense
                                             Heterostemma montanum
                                             Heterostemma oblongifolium
                                             Heterostemma samoense
                                             Heterostemma siamicum
                                             Heterostemma tanjorense
                                     Jasminanthes
                                     Jobinia
                                             Jobinia formosa
                                                   [Cynanchum formosum]
                                             Jobinia latipes
                                                   [Cyathostelma latipes]
                                             Jobinia paranaensis
                                             Jobinia tarmensis
                                                   [Cynanchum tarmense]
                                             Jobinia trifurcata
                                                   [Cynanchum argentinense]
                                     Kanahia
                                             Kanahia laniflora
                                     Leichhardtia
                                             Leichhardtia araujacea
                                                   [Marsdenia araujacea]
                                             Leichhardtia assimulata
                                                   [Marsdenia billardieri]
                                             Leichhardtia australis
                                                   [Marsdenia leichhardtiana]
                                             Leichhardtia ericoides
                                                   [Marsdenia ericoides]
                                             Leichhardtia flavescens
                                                   [Marsdenia flavescens]
                                                   [Pergularia flavescens]
                                             Leichhardtia glabrata
                                                   [Marsdenia glabrata]
                                             Leichhardtia gonoloboides
                                                   [Marsdenia gonoloboides]
                                             Leichhardtia hamiltonii
                                                   [Pergularia hamiltonii]
                                             Leichhardtia kempteriana
                                                   [Marsdenia kempteriana]
                                             Leichhardtia longiloba
                                                   [Marsdenia longiloba]
                                             Leichhardtia lyonsioides
                                                   [Marsdenia lyonsioides]
                                             Leichhardtia rostrata
                                                   [Pergularia rostrata]
                                             Leichhardtia suaveolens
                                                   [Pergularia suaveolens]
                                             Leichhardtia viridiflora
                                                   [Marsdenia viridiflora]
                                                   [Pergularia viridiflora]
                                     Lygisma
                                             Lygisma inflexum
                                     Margaretta
                                             Margaretta rosea
                                     Microloma
                                             Microloma armatum
                                                   [Microloma massonii]
                                             Microloma incanum
                                             Microloma namaquense
                                             Microloma sagittatum
                                                   [Microloma glabratum]
                                             Microloma tenuifolium
                                                   [Microloma lineare]
                                     Minaria
                                             Minaria abortiva
                                             Minaria acerosa
                                                   [Ditassa ericoides]
                                             Minaria cordata
                                                   [Ditassa virgata]
                                             Minaria decussata
                                             Minaria ditassoides
                                             Minaria grazielae
                                             Minaria micromeria
                                     Nautonia
                                             Nautonia nummularia
                                     Nephradenia
                                             Nephradenia linearis
                                                   [Blepharodon lineare]
                                     Oxystelma
                                             Oxystelma esculentum
                                     Pachycarpus
                                             Pachycarpus campanulatus
                                             Pachycarpus concolor
                                               Pachycarpus concolor subsp. concolor
                                                     [Gomphocarpus concolor]
                                             Pachycarpus dealbatus
                                                   [Gomphocarpus dealbatus]
                                             Pachycarpus distinctus
                                                   [Schizoglossum scyphostigma]
                                             Pachycarpus grandiflorus
                                               Pachycarpus grandiflorus subsp. grandiflorus
                                                     [Gomphocarpus grandiflorus]
                                             Pachycarpus grantii
                                               Pachycarpus grantii subsp. grantii
                                                     [Gomphocarpus grantii]
                                             Pachycarpus rigidus
                                             Pachycarpus scaber
                                             Pachycarpus schinzianus
                                     Parapodium
                                             Parapodium crispum
                                     Pentasacme
                                             Pentasacme caudatum
                                                   [Pentasacme championii]
                                     Petalostelma
                                             Petalostelma sarcostemma
                                     Poicillopsis
                                             Poicillopsis oblongata
                                                   [Matelea oblongata]
                                     Rhytidostemma
                                             Rhytidostemma viride
                                               Rhytidostemma viride subsp. viride
                                                     [Matelea viridis]
                                     Ruehssia
                                             Ruehssia altissima
                                               Ruehssia altissima subsp. altissima
                                                     [Marsdenia altissima]
                                             Ruehssia clausa
                                                   [Marsdenia clausa]
                                             Ruehssia gualanensis
                                                   [Marsdenia gualanensis]
                                             Ruehssia guaranitica
                                                   [Marsdenia guaranitica]
                                             Ruehssia hilariana
                                                   [Marsdenia hilariana]
                                             Ruehssia linearis
                                                   [Marsdenia linearis]
                                             Ruehssia malmeana
                                                   [Marsdenia malmeana]
                                             Ruehssia rubrofusca
                                                   [Marsdenia rubrofusca]
                                             Ruehssia saturejifolia
                                                   [Marsdenia saturejifolia]
                                             Ruehssia suberosa
                                                   [Marsdenia suberosa]
                                             Ruehssia troyana
                                                   [Marsdenia troyana]
                                             Ruehssia umbellata
                                                   [Marsdenia umbellata]
                                     Sarcolobus
                                           [Petalonema]
                                     Schizoglossum
                                     Sinomarsdenia
                                             Sinomarsdenia formosana
                                                   [Marsdenia formosana]
                                     Solenostemma
                                             Solenostemma oleifolium
                                                   [Cynanchum oleifolium]
                                     Stathmostelma
                                             Stathmostelma fornicatum
                                     Talayotea
                                             Talayotea caudata
                                                   [Matelea caudata]
                                     Tassadia
                                             Tassadia milanezii
                                             Tassadia obovata
                                                   [Cynanchum recurvum]
                                             Tassadia propinqua
                                                   [Tassadia sprucei]
                                     Trichosacme
                                             Trichosacme lanata
                                                   [Matelea lanata]
                                     Xysmalobium
                                             Xysmalobium acerateoides
                                             Xysmalobium heudelotianum
                                             Xysmalobium parviflorum
                                     Asclepias
                                             Asclepias affinis
                                             Asclepias albicans
                                             Asclepias ameliae
                                                   [Gomphocarpus pulchellus]
                                             Asclepias amplexicaulis
                                             Asclepias arenaria
                                             Asclepias asperula
                                               Asclepias asperula subsp. asperula
                                                     [Asclepias asperula var. asperula]
                                                     [Asclepias capricornu subsp. occidentalis]
                                               Asclepias asperula subsp. capricornu
                                                     [Asclepias asperula var. decumbens]
                                                     [Asclepias capricornu subsp. capricornu]
                                                     [Asclepias capricornu]
                                                     [Asclepias decumbens]
                                                     [Asclepiodora decumbens]
                                               Asclepias asperula var. asperula
                                             Asclepias aurea
                                             Asclepias barjoniifolia
                                             Asclepias boliviensis
                                             Asclepias brachystephana
                                             Asclepias californica
                                                   [Asclepias californica subsp. californica]
                                                   [Asclepias californica subsp. greenei]
                                             Asclepias campestris
                                             Asclepias candida
                                             Asclepias cinerea
                                             Asclepias circinalis
                                             Asclepias connivens
                                                   [Anantherix connivens]
                                             Asclepias constricta
                                             Asclepias contrayerba
                                             Asclepias cordifolia
                                                   [Gomphocarpus cordifolius]
                                             Asclepias coulteri
                                             Asclepias crispa
                                             Asclepias cryptoceras
                                                   [Asclepias cryptoceras subsp. cryptoceras]
                                                   [Asclepias cryptoceras subsp. davisii]
                                                   [Asclepias cryptoceras var. davisii]
                                               Asclepias cryptoceras subsp. cryptoceras
                                               Asclepias cryptoceras var. cryptoceras
                                             Asclepias curassavica
                                                   [Asclepias nivea var. curassavica]
                                             Asclepias curtissii
                                                   [Asclepias aceratoides]
                                                   [Oxypteryx curtissii]
                                             Asclepias cutleri
                                             Asclepias eastwoodiana
                                             Asclepias elata
                                             Asclepias eminens
                                             Asclepias emoryi
                                             Asclepias engelmanniana
                                                   [Acerates auriculata]
                                                   [Asclepias auriculata]
                                                   [Asclepias purpusii]
                                             Asclepias eriocarpa
                                                   [Asclepias eriocarpa var. microcarpa]
                                                   [Asclepias fremontii]
                                                   [Asclepias kotolo]
                                               Asclepias eriocarpa var. eriocarpa
                                             Asclepias erosa
                                                   [Asclepias leucophylla]
                                                   [Asclepias obtusata]
                                                   [Asclepias rothrockii]
                                             Asclepias exaltata
                                                   [Asclepias bicknellii]
                                                   [Asclepias phytolaccoides]
                                             Asclepias exilis
                                             Asclepias fascicularis
                                                   [Asclepias mexicana]
                                             Asclepias feayi
                                                   [Asclepiodella feayi]
                                             Asclepias filiformis
                                             Asclepias fournieri
                                                   [Asclepias grayi]
                                             Asclepias fruticosa
                                                   [Asclepias angustifolia]
                                                   [Asclepias salicifolia]
                                                   [Gomphocarpus fruticosus]
                                             Asclepias gentryi
                                             Asclepias glaucescens
                                                   [Asclepias polyphylla]
                                             Asclepias grandiflora
                                             Asclepias hallii
                                             Asclepias hirtella
                                                   [Acerates hirtella]
                                                   [Asclepias longifolia subsp. hirtella]
                                                   [Asclepias longifolia var. hirtella]
                                             Asclepias humistrata
                                             Asclepias hypoleuca
                                             Asclepias incarnata
                                               Asclepias incarnata subsp. incarnata
                                               Asclepias incarnata subsp. pulchra
                                                     [Asclepias incarnata var. neoscotica]
                                                     [Asclepias incarnata var. pulchra]
                                                     [Asclepias pulchra]
                                               Asclepias incarnata var. incarnata
                                             Asclepias involucrata
                                             Asclepias jorgeana
                                             Asclepias labriformis
                                             Asclepias lanceolata
                                                   [Asclepias lanceolata var. paupercula]
                                                   [Asclepias paupercula]
                                             Asclepias lanuginosa
                                                   [Acerates lanuginosa]
                                                   [Asclepias otarioides]
                                             Asclepias latifolia
                                             Asclepias laxiflora
                                             Asclepias lemmonii
                                                   [Asclepias chapalensis]
                                             Asclepias leptopus
                                             Asclepias linaria
                                             Asclepias linearis
                                             Asclepias longifolia
                                                   [Acerates delticola]
                                                   [Acerates longifolia]
                                             Asclepias lynchiana
                                                   [Asclepiodora insignis]
                                             Asclepias macrantha
                                             Asclepias macrosperma
                                             Asclepias macrotis
                                             Asclepias masonii
                                             Asclepias mcvaughii
                                             Asclepias meadii
                                             Asclepias mellodora
                                             Asclepias michauxii
                                             Asclepias nivea
                                             Asclepias notha
                                             Asclepias nummularia
                                             Asclepias nuttalliana
                                             Asclepias nyctaginifolia
                                                   [Podostemma nyctaginifolium]
                                             Asclepias obovata
                                                   [Asclepias viridiflora var. obovata]
                                             Asclepias oenotheroides
                                                   [Asclepias brevicornu]
                                                   [Asclepias lindheimeri]
                                                   [Asclepias longicornu]
                                             Asclepias ovalifolia
                                             Asclepias ovata
                                             Asclepias pedicellata
                                                   [Podostigma pedicellata]
                                             Asclepias pellucida
                                             Asclepias perennis
                                             Asclepias pilgeriana
                                             Asclepias pratensis
                                             Asclepias pringlei
                                             Asclepias prostrata
                                             Asclepias pseudorubricaulis
                                             Asclepias pubescens
                                             Asclepias pumila
                                             Asclepias purpurascens
                                             Asclepias quadrifolia
                                             Asclepias quinquedentata
                                                   [Asclepias amsonioides]
                                                   [Asclepias palmeri]
                                             Asclepias rosea
                                             Asclepias rubra
                                                   [Asclepias laurifolia]
                                             Asclepias rusbyi
                                                   [Asclepias engelmanniana var. rusbyi]
                                             Asclepias ruthiae
                                                   [Asclepias uncialis subsp. ruthiae]
                                                   [Asclepias uncialis var. ruthiae]
                                             Asclepias sanjuanensis
                                             Asclepias scaposa
                                                   [Asclepias rafaelensis]
                                             Asclepias scheryi
                                             Asclepias similis
                                                   [Asclepias alticola]
                                             Asclepias solanoana
                                                   [Asclepias obtusifolia]
                                                   [Solanoa purpurascens]
                                                   [Solanoa purpurescens]
                                             Asclepias speciosa
                                                   [Asclepias giffordii]
                                             Asclepias sperryi
                                             Asclepias standleyi
                                             Asclepias stenophylla
                                                   [Acerates angustifolia]
                                                   [Polyotus angustifolius]
                                             Asclepias subaphylla
                                             Asclepias subulata
                                             Asclepias subverticillata
                                                   [Asclepias galioides]
                                                   [Asclepias verticillata var. subverticillata]
                                             Asclepias sullivantii
                                             Asclepias syriaca
                                                   [Asclepias intermedia]
                                                   [Asclepias kansana]
                                                   [Asclepias syriaca var. kansana]
                                             Asclepias texana
                                             Asclepias tomentosa
                                             Asclepias tuberosa
                                                   [Acerates floridana]
                                               Asclepias tuberosa subsp. interior
                                                     [Asclepias tuberosa subsp. terminalis]
                                                     [Asclepias tuberosa var. interior]
                                               Asclepias tuberosa subsp. rolfsii
                                                     [Asclepias rolfsii]
                                               Asclepias tuberosa subsp. tuberosa
                                             Asclepias uncialis
                                                   [Asclepias uncialis subsp. uncialis]
                                             Asclepias variegata
                                                   [Biventraria variegata]
                                             Asclepias verticillata
                                             Asclepias vestita
                                                   [Asclepias vestita subsp. parishii]
                                                   [Asclepias vestita subsp. vestita]
                                                   [Asclepias vestita var. parishii]
                                                   [Asclepias vestita var. vestita]
                                               Asclepias vestita subsp. vestita
                                             Asclepias vinosa
                                                   [Acerates vinosa]
                                             Asclepias viridiflora
                                                   [Acerates viridiflora var. ivesii]
                                                   [Acerates viridiflora var. linearis]
                                                   [Acerates viridiflora]
                                                   [Asclepias viridiflora var. lanceolata]
                                                   [Asclepias viridiflora var. linearis]
                                             Asclepias viridis
                                                   [Asclepiodora viridis]
                                             Asclepias viridula
                                             Asclepias virletii
                                                   [Asclepias longipedunculata]
                                             Asclepias welshii
                                             Asclepias woodsoniana
                                             Asclepias zanthodacryon
                                     Asclepiodella
                                     Asclepiodora
                                     Aspidosperma
                                             Aspidosperma album
                                             Aspidosperma australe
                                             Aspidosperma camporum
                                             Aspidosperma chodatii
                                             Aspidosperma cuspa
                                                   [Aspidosperma ellipticum]
                                                   [Aspidosperma lucentivenium]
                                             Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon
                                             Aspidosperma desmanthum
                                                   [Aspidosperma matudae]
                                             Aspidosperma excelsum
                                                   [Aspidosperma marcgravianum]
                                                   [Aspidosperma nitidum]
                                             Aspidosperma gomezianum
                                             Aspidosperma macrocarpon
                                                   [Aspidosperma verbascifolium]
                                             Aspidosperma megalocarpon
                                               Aspidosperma megalocarpon subsp. megalocarpon
                                                     [Cufodontia arborea]
                                                     [Cufodontia escuintlensis]
                                             Aspidosperma multiflorum
                                             Aspidosperma neblinae
                                             Aspidosperma nobile
                                             Aspidosperma olivaceum
                                             Aspidosperma parvifolium
                                                   [Aspidosperma vargasii]
                                             Aspidosperma polyneuron
                                             Aspidosperma pyricollum
                                             Aspidosperma pyrifolium
                                                   [Aspidosperma guaraniticum]
                                             Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco
                                             Aspidosperma ramiflorum
                                             Aspidosperma riedelii
                                               Aspidosperma riedelii subsp. riedelii
                                                     [Aspidosperma reductum]
                                             Aspidosperma rigidum
                                                   [Aspidosperma rauwolfioides]
                                             Aspidosperma spruceanum
                                                   [Aspidosperma cruentum]
                                                   [Aspidosperma melanocalyx]
                                                   [Aspidosperma steinbachii]
                                             Aspidosperma subincanum
                                             Aspidosperma tomentosum
                                                   [Aspidosperma dasycarpon]
                                                   [Aspidosperma rojasii]
                                             Aspidosperma verruculosum
                                     Astephanus
                                     Basistelma
                                     Beaumontia
                                             Beaumontia brevituba
                                             Beaumontia grandiflora
                                             Beaumontia jerdoniana
                                             Beaumontia khasiana
                                     Biventraria
                                     Blepharodon
                                             Blepharodon ampliflorum
                                             Blepharodon angustifolium
                                             Blepharodon bicuspidatum
                                             Blepharodon manicatum
                                             Blepharodon pictum
                                                   [Blepharodon steyermarkii]
                                             Blepharodon reflexum
                                     Brachystelma
                                             Brachystelma gymnopodum
                                                   [Ceropegia pygmaea var. pumila]
                                                   [Ceropegia pygmaea var. pygmaea]
                                                   [Ceropegia pygmaea]
                                             Brachystelma mafekingense
                                                   [Ceropegia mafekingensis]
                                     Calotropis
                                             Calotropis acia
                                             Calotropis gigantea
                                             Calotropis procera
                                                   [Asclepias procera]
                                     Cameraria
                                             Cameraria latifolia
                                                   [Cameraria belizensis]
                                             Cameraria retusa
                                     Caralluma
                                             Caralluma acutangula
                                                   [Caralluma russelliana]
                                             Caralluma frerei
                                                   [Frerea indica]
                                     Carissa
                                             Carissa bispinosa
                                                   [Carissa bispinosa subsp. zambesiensis]
                                             Carissa carandas
                                             Carissa edulis
                                             Carissa macrocarpa
                                                   [Carissa grandiflora]
                                             Carissa ovata
                                             Carissa spinarum
                                                   [Carissa edulis var. subtrinervia]
                                                   [Carissa edulis var. tomentosa]
                                             Carissa tetramera
                                     Cascabela
                                             Cascabela gaumeri
                                                   [Thevetia gaumeri]
                                             Cascabela ovata
                                                   [Thevetia ovata]
                                                   [Thevetia plumeriifolia]
                                     Catharanthus
                                             Catharanthus lanceus
                                                   [Vinca lancea]
                                             Catharanthus ovalis
                                             Catharanthus pusillus
                                                   [Lochnera pusilla]
                                                   [Vinca pusilla]
                                             Catharanthus roseus
                                                   [Ammocallis rosea]
                                                   [Lachnea rosea]
                                                   [Lochnera rosea]
                                                   [Pervinca rosea]
                                                   [Vinca rosea]
                                             Catharanthus scitulus
                                             Catharanthus trichophyllus
                                                   [Vinca trichophylla]
                                     Cerbera
                                             Cerbera floribunda
                                             Cerbera manghas
                                             Cerbera odollam
                                                   [Cerbera dilatata]
                                     Cerberiopsis
                                             Cerberiopsis candelabra
                                                   [Pterochrosia vieillardii]
                                             Cerberiopsis obtusifolia
                                                   [Cerbera obtusifolia]
                                                   [Cerberiopsis comptonii]
                                     Ceropegia
                                           [Huerniopsis]
                                             Ceropegia abyssinica
                                                   [Ceropegia abyssinica var. abyssinica]
                                                   [Ceropegia abyssinica var. songeensis]
                                                   [Ceropegia bequaerti]
                                                   [Ceropegia bequaertii]
                                                   [Ceropegia bonafouxii var. linearifolia]
                                             Ceropegia achtenii
                                                   [Ceropegia achtenii subsp. achtenii]
                                                   [Ceropegia achtenii subsp. adolfii]
                                                   [Ceropegia achtenii subsp. togoensis]
                                             Ceropegia adscendens
                                               Ceropegia adscendens var. fimbriata
                                                     [Caralluma adscendens var. fimbriata]
                                             Ceropegia affinis
                                                   [Ceropegia angusta]
                                                   [Ceropegia atacorensis]
                                                   [Ceropegia racemosa subsp. glabra]
                                                   [Ceropegia racemosa subsp. racemosa]
                                                   [Ceropegia racemosa subsp. secamonoides]
                                                   [Ceropegia racemosa subsp. setifera]
                                                   [Ceropegia racemosa]
                                             Ceropegia africana
                                               Ceropegia africana subsp. africana
                                               Ceropegia africana subsp. barklyi
                                               Ceropegia africana subsp. barkyi
                                             Ceropegia albisepta
                                                   [Ceropegia albisepta var. albisepta]
                                                   [Ceropegia albisepta var. bruceana]
                                                   [Ceropegia albisepta var. robynsiana]
                                                   [Ceropegia viridis var. truncata]
                                                   [Ceropegia viridis var. viridis]
                                                   [Ceropegia viridis]
                                             Ceropegia alstonii
                                                   [Trichocaulon halenbergense]
                                             Ceropegia ampliata
                                                   [Ceropegia ampliata subsp. ampliata]
                                                   [Ceropegia ampliata subsp. madagascariensis]
                                                   [Ceropegia ampliata subsp. oxyloba]
                                             Ceropegia anceps
                                             Ceropegia antennifera
                                             Ceropegia arabica
                                               Ceropegia arabica var. abbreviata
                                               Ceropegia arabica var. arabica
                                               Ceropegia arabica var. powysii
                                                     [Ceropegia barbigera]
                                                     [Ceropegia powysii]
                                               Ceropegia arabica var. superba
                                             Ceropegia arenaria
                                             Ceropegia aridicola
                                             Ceropegia aristolochioides
                                               Ceropegia aristolochioides subsp. aristolochioides
                                                     [Ceropegia aristolochioides subsp. albertina]
                                                     [Ceropegia beccariana]
                                                     [Ceropegia seticorona var. dilatiloba]
                                                     [Ceropegia seticorona var. seticorona]
                                                     [Ceropegia seticorona]
                                               Ceropegia aristolochioides subsp. deflersiana
                                             Ceropegia armandii
                                             Ceropegia armata
                                               Ceropegia armata subsp. armata
                                                     [Quaqua armata]
                                             Ceropegia arnottiana
                                             Ceropegia attenuata
                                             Ceropegia ballyana
                                             Ceropegia barklyana
                                                   [Decabelone barklyi]
                                                   [Tavaresia barklyi]
                                                   [Tavaresia grandiflora]
                                             Ceropegia barnesii
                                             Ceropegia batesii
                                             Ceropegia beddomei
                                             Ceropegia bhutanica
                                             Ceropegia bonafouxii
                                             Ceropegia borneensis
                                             Ceropegia bosseri
                                                   [Ceropegia razafindratsirana]
                                             Ceropegia bowkeri
                                                   [Ceropegia bowkeri subsp. bowkeri]
                                                   [Ceropegia bowkeri subsp. sororia]
                                             Ceropegia bulbosa
                                             Ceropegia campanulata
                                               Ceropegia campanulata var. abinsica
                                               Ceropegia campanulata var. campanulata
                                             Ceropegia cancellata
                                             Ceropegia candelabrum
                                               Ceropegia candelabrum var. biflora
                                               Ceropegia candelabrum var. candelabrum
                                               Ceropegia candelabrum var. tuberosa
                                             Ceropegia carnosa
                                             Ceropegia cataphyllaris
                                             Ceropegia christenseniana
                                             Ceropegia ciliata
                                                   [Ceropegia ciliata subsp. ciliata]
                                             Ceropegia cimiciodora
                                             Ceropegia claviloba
                                             Ceropegia conrathii
                                             Ceropegia convolvuloides
                                             Ceropegia corderoyi
                                                   [Duvalia corderoyi]
                                             Ceropegia crassifolia
                                               Ceropegia crassifolia var. copleyae
                                               Ceropegia crassifolia var. crassifolia
                                             Ceropegia cufodontii
                                             Ceropegia cumingiana
                                               Ceropegia cumingiana subsp. cumingiana
                                               Ceropegia cumingiana subsp. horsfieldiana
                                             Ceropegia cycniflora
                                             Ceropegia damannii
                                             Ceropegia decaisneana
                                               Ceropegia decaisneana var. brevicollis
                                               Ceropegia decaisneana var. decaisneana
                                             Ceropegia decidua
                                               Ceropegia decidua subsp. pretoriensis
                                               Ceropegia decidua var. decidua
                                             Ceropegia decipiens
                                                   [Huerniopsis decipiens]
                                             Ceropegia deightonii
                                                   [Ceropegia deightonii subsp. conjuncta]
                                                   [Ceropegia deightonii subsp. deightonii]
                                                   [Ceropegia deightonii subsp. tisserantii]
                                             Ceropegia denticulata
                                                   [Ceropegia denticulata var. brownii]
                                                   [Ceropegia denticulata var. denticulata]
                                             Ceropegia dichotoma
                                                   [Ceropegia hians]
                                               Ceropegia dichotoma subsp. dichotoma
                                                     [Ceropegia hians var. hians]
                                                     [Ceropegia hians var. striata]
                                               Ceropegia dichotoma subsp. krainzii
                                                     [Ceropegia ceratophora]
                                                     [Ceropegia chrysantha]
                                                     [Ceropegia krainzii]
                                             Ceropegia dimorpha
                                             Ceropegia dinteri
                                             Ceropegia distincta
                                                   [Ceropegia brevirostris]
                                                   [Ceropegia distincta subsp. distincta]
                                             Ceropegia dolichophylla
                                                   [Ceropegia longifolia subsp. sinensis]
                                             Ceropegia dorjei
                                             Ceropegia edulis
                                                   [Caralluma edulis]
                                             Ceropegia elegans
                                               Ceropegia elegans var. elegans
                                               Ceropegia elegans var. gardneri
                                             Ceropegia ensifolia
                                                   [Ceropegia ciliata subsp. ensifolia]
                                             Ceropegia europaea
                                               Ceropegia europaea var. judaica
                                                     [Boucerosia aaronis]
                                             Ceropegia evansii
                                             Ceropegia exigua
                                                   [Ceropegia longifolia subsp. exigua]
                                             Ceropegia fantastica
                                             Ceropegia filiformis
                                                   [Ceropegia barbata]
                                             Ceropegia filipendula
                                                   [Ceropegia mirabilis]
                                                   [Ceropegia peteri]
                                                   [Ceropegia renzii]
                                             Ceropegia fimbriata
                                               Ceropegia fimbriata subsp. connivens
                                               Ceropegia fimbriata subsp. fimbriata
                                               Ceropegia fimbriata subsp. geniculata
                                             Ceropegia fimbriifera
                                             Ceropegia flava
                                                   [Caralluma flava]
                                             Ceropegia floribunda
                                             Ceropegia foliosa
                                             Ceropegia fortuita
                                             Ceropegia furcata
                                             Ceropegia fusca
                                             Ceropegia fusiformis
                                             Ceropegia galeata
                                             Ceropegia gigantea
                                                   [Stapelia youngii]
                                             Ceropegia gilgiana
                                             Ceropegia grandiflora
                                                   [Stapelia ambigua]
                                                   [Stapelia flavirostris]
                                                   [Stapelia grandiflora]
                                                   [Stapelia senilis]
                                             Ceropegia guttata
                                               Ceropegia guttata subsp. reticulata
                                                     [Huernia reticulata]
                                             Ceropegia haygarthii
                                             Ceropegia hirsuta
                                             Ceropegia hofstaetteri
                                             Ceropegia hookeri
                                                   [Ceropegia hookeri var. hookeri]
                                                   [Ceropegia hookeri var. mollis]
                                             Ceropegia humbertii
                                                   [Ceropegia mayottae]
                                               Ceropegia hystrix subsp. hystrix
                                                     [Huernia hystrix]
                                             Ceropegia illegitima
                                             Ceropegia imbricata
                                             Ceropegia incarnata
                                               Ceropegia incarnata subsp. hottentotorum
                                                     [Quaqua hottentotorum]
                                             Ceropegia inflata
                                             Ceropegia insignis
                                             Ceropegia intermedia
                                               Ceropegia intermedia var. wightii
                                             Ceropegia jainii
                                             Ceropegia juncea
                                             Ceropegia kachinensis
                                             Ceropegia kundelunguensis
                                             Ceropegia langkawiensis
                                             Ceropegia lawii
                                                   [Ceropegia maccannii]
                                                   [Ceropegia panchganiensis]
                                                   [Ceropegia rollae]
                                                   [Ceropegia sahyadrica]
                                             Ceropegia ledermanii
                                             Ceropegia leendertziae
                                                   [Stapelia leendertziae]
                                                   [Stapelia wilmaniae]
                                             Ceropegia lenewtonii
                                                   [Huernia keniensis]
                                             Ceropegia leroyi
                                             Ceropegia lindenii
                                             Ceropegia linearis
                                               Ceropegia linearis subsp. debilis
                                                     [Ceropegia debilis]
                                               Ceropegia linearis subsp. linearis
                                               Ceropegia linearis subsp. tenuis
                                               Ceropegia linearis subsp. woodii
                                                     [Ceropegia euryacme]
                                                     [Ceropegia woodii]
                                             Ceropegia linophylla
                                                   [Ceropegia senegalensis]
                                             Ceropegia longifolia
                                                   [Ceropegia angustifolia]
                                               Ceropegia longifolia subsp. longifolia
                                             Ceropegia loranthiflora
                                             Ceropegia lucida
                                               Ceropegia lucida subsp. driophila
                                                     [Ceropegia micrantha]
                                               Ceropegia lucida subsp. dryophila
                                               Ceropegia lucida subsp. lucida
                                             Ceropegia ludlowii
                                             Ceropegia lugardiae
                                                   [Ceropegia distincta f. pubescens]
                                                   [Ceropegia verruculosa]
                                             Ceropegia lutea
                                               Ceropegia lutea subsp. lutea
                                                     [Caralluma lutea]
                                               Ceropegia lutea subsp. vaga
                                                     [Caralluma lutea subsp. vaga]
                                             Ceropegia macrantha
                                                   [Ceropegia macrantha subsp. macrantha]
                                                   [Ceropegia macrantha var. thorelii]
                                                   [Ceropegia raizadiana]
                                             Ceropegia maculata
                                             Ceropegia madagascariensis
                                             Ceropegia madens
                                             Ceropegia mahabalei
                                             Ceropegia mairei
                                                   [Ceropegia balfouriana]
                                                   [Ceropegia mairei var. mairei]
                                                   [Ceropegia mairei var. tenella]
                                             Ceropegia maiuscula
                                             Ceropegia mammillaris
                                                   [Sarcophagophilus winklerianus]
                                             Ceropegia marientalensis
                                               Ceropegia marientalensis subsp. marientalensis
                                                     [Tridentea marientalensis]
                                             Ceropegia marlothii
                                                   [Trichocaulon keetmanshoopense]
                                             Ceropegia media
                                             Ceropegia meleagris
                                             Ceropegia mendesii
                                             Ceropegia merrilliana
                                                   [Brachystelma merrillii]
                                             Ceropegia metziana
                                             Ceropegia meyeri
                                             Ceropegia meyeri-johannis
                                                   [Ceropegia meyeri-johannis var. angiensis]
                                                   [Ceropegia meyeri-johannis var. meyeri-johannis]
                                                   [Ceropegia meyeri-johannis var. verdickii]
                                             Ceropegia migiurtina
                                                   [Pseudolithos harardheranus]
                                                   [Pseudolithos migiurtinus]
                                             Ceropegia monticola
                                             Ceropegia muliensis
                                             Ceropegia multiflora
                                               Ceropegia multiflora subsp. multiflora
                                                     [Ceropegia multiflora f. pubescens]
                                               Ceropegia multiflora subsp. tentaculata
                                                     [Ceropegia multiflora f. puberula]
                                             Ceropegia muzingana
                                             Ceropegia nana
                                             Ceropegia nevillepillansii
                                                   [Stapelia pillansii]
                                             Ceropegia nigra
                                                   [Ceropegia melanops]
                                             Ceropegia nilotica
                                                   [Ceropegia decumbens]
                                                   [Ceropegia gemmifera]
                                                   [Ceropegia nilotica var. nilotica]
                                                   [Ceropegia plicata]
                                             Ceropegia noorjahaniae
                                             Ceropegia occidentalis
                                             Ceropegia occulta
                                               Ceropegia occulta var. occulta
                                             Ceropegia oculata
                                             Ceropegia odorata
                                                   [Ceropegia blatteri]
                                             Ceropegia omissa
                                             Ceropegia pachystelma
                                                   [Ceropegia boerhaaviifolia]
                                                   [Ceropegia pachystelma subsp. undulata]
                                                   [Ceropegia schinziana]
                                             Ceropegia paohsingensis
                                             Ceropegia papillata
                                                   [Ceropegia papillata var. cordiloba]
                                                   [Ceropegia papillata var. papillata]
                                             Ceropegia paricyma
                                             Ceropegia parviflora
                                             Ceropegia petignatii
                                             Ceropegia peulhorum
                                               Ceropegia peulhorum var. breviloba
                                               Ceropegia peulhorum var. peulhorum
                                             Ceropegia plocamoides
                                                   [Brachystelma plocamoides]
                                             Ceropegia poluniniana
                                             Ceropegia porphyrotricha
                                             Ceropegia praetermissa
                                             Ceropegia pubescens
                                             Ceropegia pulvinata
                                               Ceropegia pulvinata var. glabricaulis
                                                     [Stapelia glabricaulis]
                                             Ceropegia purpurascens
                                                   [Ceropegia purpurascens subsp. thysanotos]
                                               Ceropegia purpurascens subsp. purpurascens
                                             Ceropegia pusilla
                                             Ceropegia radicans
                                               Ceropegia radicans subsp. radicans
                                               Ceropegia radicans subsp. smithii
                                             Ceropegia rendallii
                                             Ceropegia retrospiciens
                                                   [Caralluma retrospiciens]
                                             Ceropegia rhychantha
                                             Ceropegia ringens
                                             Ceropegia ringoetii
                                             Ceropegia rubella
                                                   [Brachystelma rubellum]
                                             Ceropegia rudatisii
                                             Ceropegia rupicola
                                               Ceropegia rupicola var. rupicola
                                               Ceropegia rupicola var. stictantha
                                             Ceropegia salicifolia
                                             Ceropegia sandersonii
                                             Ceropegia sankuruensis
                                             Ceropegia santapaui
                                                   [Ceropegia huberi]
                                             Ceropegia saxatilis
                                             Ceropegia scabra
                                             Ceropegia schinzii
                                                   [Stapelia schinzii]
                                             Ceropegia schumanniana
                                             Ceropegia sepium
                                             Ceropegia simoneae
                                             Ceropegia sinaica
                                                   [Caralluma sinaica]
                                             Ceropegia sobolifera
                                               Ceropegia sobolifera var. nephroloba
                                               Ceropegia sobolifera var. sobolifera
                                             Ceropegia socotrana
                                                   [Caralluma socotrana]
                                             Ceropegia somalensis
                                                   [Ceropegia somalensis f. erostrata]
                                                   [Ceropegia somalensis f. somalensis]
                                             Ceropegia sootepensis
                                             Ceropegia speciosa
                                             Ceropegia spiralis
                                             Ceropegia stapeliiformis
                                               Ceropegia stapeliiformis subsp. serpentina
                                               Ceropegia stapeliiformis subsp. stapeliiformis
                                             Ceropegia stenantha
                                             Ceropegia stenoloba
                                                   [Ceropegia chortophylla]
                                                   [Ceropegia schliebenii]
                                                   [Ceropegia stenoloba var. australis]
                                                   [Ceropegia stenoloba var. moyalensis]
                                                   [Ceropegia stenoloba var. stenoloba]
                                             Ceropegia stentiae
                                             Ceropegia subaphylla
                                                   [Ceropegia botrys]
                                                   [Ceropegia nuda]
                                             Ceropegia swaziorum
                                             Ceropegia talbotii
                                             Ceropegia taprobanica
                                             Ceropegia teniana
                                             Ceropegia thwaitesii
                                             Ceropegia tihamana
                                             Ceropegia tomentosa
                                                   [Ceropegia scabriflora]
                                             Ceropegia tourana
                                             Ceropegia trichantha
                                                   [Ceropegia angustilimba]
                                             Ceropegia turneri
                                               Ceropegia turneri subsp. turneri
                                                     [Caralluma turneri]
                                             Ceropegia turricula
                                             Ceropegia ugeni
                                             Ceropegia umbraticola
                                                   [Ceropegia chipiaensis]
                                                   [Ceropegia schaijesorum]
                                             Ceropegia vanderystii
                                             Ceropegia variegata
                                             Ceropegia venenosa
                                               Ceropegia venenosa subsp. hesperidum
                                                     [Caralluma hesperidum]
                                             Ceropegia vincifolia
                                                   [Ceropegia oculata var. subhirsuta]
                                                   [Ceropegia vincaefolia]
                                             Ceropegia volubilis
                                             Ceropegia wallichii
                                             Ceropegia woodiana
                                                   [Stapelia woodii]
                                             Ceropegia yorubana
                                             Ceropegia zeyheri
                                     Chonemorpha
                                             Chonemorpha fragrans
                                                   [Chonemorpha elliptica]
                                                   [Chonemorpha macrophylla]
                                                   [Chonemorpha penangensis]
                                             Chonemorpha griffithii
                                             Chonemorpha splendens
                                             Chonemorpha verrucosa
                                     Cleghornia
                                             Cleghornia acuminata
                                     Cryptolepis
                                             Cryptolepis buchananii
                                                   [Cryptolepis dubia]
                                             Cryptolepis decidua
                                             Cryptolepis hypoglauca
                                             Cryptolepis newii
                                                   [Gymnolaema newii]
                                             Cryptolepis nigrescens
                                                   [Periploca nigrescens]
                                             Cryptolepis oblongifolia
                                                   [Ectadiopsis oblongifolia]
                                             Cryptolepis obtusa
                                             Cryptolepis sinensis
                                                   [Cryptolepis elegans]
                                     Cryptostegia
                                             Cryptostegia grandiflora
                                                   [Cryptostegia grandifolia]
                                                   [Nerium grandiflorum]
                                             Cryptostegia madagascariensis
                                     Cufodontia
                                     Cycladenia
                                             Cycladenia humilis
                                                   [Cycladenia tomentosa]
                                               Cycladenia humilis var. humilis
                                                     [Cycladenia humilis var. tomentosa]
                                               Cycladenia humilis var. jonesii
                                                     [Cycladenia humilis var. jonesi]
                                                     [Cycladenia jonesii]
                                               Cycladenia humilis var. venusta
                                                     [Cycladenia venusta]
                                     Cyclodon
                                     Cylindropsis
                                             Cylindropsis parvifolia
                                     Cynanchum
                                           [Ampelamus]
                                           [Graphistemma]
                                           [Pentarrhinum]
                                             Cynanchum acutum
                                               Cynanchum acutum subsp. sibiricum
                                                     [Cynanchum cathayense]
                                             Cynanchum adalinae
                                               Cynanchum adalinae subsp. adalinae
                                                     [Cynanchum acuminatum]
                                             Cynanchum africanum
                                             Cynanchum altiscandens
                                             Cynanchum ascyrifolium
                                                   [Cynanchum acuminatifolium]
                                             Cynanchum auriculatum
                                             Cynanchum bungei
                                             Cynanchum callialatum
                                                   [Cynanchum tunicatum]
                                             Cynanchum carnosum
                                             Cynanchum caudatum
                                             Cynanchum caudigerum
                                             Cynanchum corymbosum
                                             Cynanchum cyathiforme
                                             Cynanchum ellipticum
                                             Cynanchum ethiopicum
                                               Cynanchum ethiopicum subsp. ethiopicum
                                                     [Pentarrhinum abyssinicum]
                                             Cynanchum eurychiton
                                             Cynanchum foetidum
                                                   [Telminostelma foetidum]
                                             Cynanchum gerrardii
                                               Cynanchum gerrardii subsp. gerrardii
                                                     [Cynanchum sarcostemmatoides]
                                             Cynanchum graphistemmatoides
                                                   [Graphistemma pictum]
                                             Cynanchum hemsleyanum
                                                   [Metaplexis hemsleyana]
                                                   [Metaplexis sinensis]
                                             Cynanchum insipidum
                                                   [Pentarrhinum insipidum]
                                             Cynanchum jaliscanum
                                             Cynanchum laeve
                                                   [Ampelamus albidus]
                                                   [Ampelamus laevis]
                                                   [Enslenia albida]
                                                   [Gonolobus laevis]
                                             Cynanchum lancifolium
                                             Cynanchum ligulatum
                                                   [Cynanchum sinaloense]
                                                   [Mellichampia ligulata]
                                                   [Mellichampia sinaloensis]
                                                   [Roulinia sinaloensis]
                                             Cynanchum liukiuense
                                             Cynanchum loheri
                                             Cynanchum louiseae
                                             Cynanchum montevidense
                                                   [Rouliniella lignosa]
                                             Cynanchum mooreanum
                                             Cynanchum mossambicense
                                             Cynanchum natalitium
                                             Cynanchum obtusifolium
                                             Cynanchum officinale
                                             Cynanchum ovatum
                                             Cynanchum peraffine
                                                   [Marsdenia matudae]
                                             Cynanchum physocarpum
                                                   [Cynanchum denigratum]
                                             Cynanchum polyanthum
                                             Cynanchum racemosum
                                               Cynanchum racemosum var. racemosum
                                               Cynanchum racemosum var. unifarium
                                                     [Cynanchum unifarium]
                                                     [Cynanchum watsonianum]
                                             Cynanchum rensonii
                                                   [Cynanchum racemosum var. rensonii]
                                             Cynanchum revoilii
                                                   [Glossonema revoilii]
                                             Cynanchum roulinioides
                                             Cynanchum roylei
                                             Cynanchum sibiricum
                                             Cynanchum suberosum
                                             Cynanchum suluense
                                             Cynanchum surrubriflorum
                                             Cynanchum thesioides
                                                   [Antitoxicum sibiricum]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum sibiricum]
                                             Cynanchum toliari
                                                   [Folotsia madagascariensis]
                                             Cynanchum varians
                                                   [Glossonema varians]
                                             Cynanchum viminale
                                               Cynanchum viminale subsp. australe
                                                     [Sarcostemma australe]
                                                     [Sarcostemma viminale subsp. australe]
                                               Cynanchum viminale subsp. brunonianum
                                                     [Sarcostemma brunonianum]
                                               Cynanchum viminale subsp. viminale
                                                     [Sarcostemma acidum]
                                             Cynanchum violator
                                             Cynanchum viride
                                             Cynanchum wilfordii
                                     Dictyanthus
                                             Dictyanthus aeneus
                                                   [Matelea aenea]
                                             Dictyanthus altatensis
                                                   [Matelea altatensis]
                                             Dictyanthus asper
                                                   [Gonolobus littoralis]
                                                   [Matelea aspera]
                                                   [Microdactylon cordatum]
                                                   [Pachystelma cordatum]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum megacarphum]
                                             Dictyanthus ceratopetalus
                                             Dictyanthus eximius
                                                   [Matelea eximia]
                                             Dictyanthus hamatus
                                                   [Matelea hamata]
                                             Dictyanthus macvaughianus
                                                   [Matelea macvaughiana]
                                             Dictyanthus parviflorus
                                                   [Dictyanthus prostratus]
                                                   [Matelea hemsleyana]
                                             Dictyanthus pavonii
                                                   [Matelea pavonii]
                                             Dictyanthus reticulatus
                                                   [Matelea dictyantha]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum reticulatum]
                                             Dictyanthus sepicola
                                                   [Matelea sepicola]
                                             Dictyanthus tigrinus
                                                   [Matelea standleyana]
                                             Dictyanthus tuberosus
                                                   [Matelea tuberosa]
                                             Dictyanthus yucatanensis
                                     Diplolepis
                                             Diplolepis biflora
                                                   [Cynanchum nummulariifolium var. biflorum]
                                             Diplolepis boerhaviifolia
                                                   [Cynanchum boerhavifolium]
                                             Diplolepis menziesii
                                             Diplolepis nummulariifolia
                                                   [Cynanchum nummulariifolium]
                                     Dischidia
                                           [Dischidiopsis]
                                             Dischidia acuminata
                                             Dischidia acutifolia
                                             Dischidia albida
                                             Dischidia albiflora
                                             Dischidia astephana
                                             Dischidia australis
                                             Dischidia boholensis
                                             Dischidia carinata
                                                   [Dischidiopsis carinata]
                                             Dischidia chinensis
                                             Dischidia cochleata
                                                   [Dischidia coccinea]
                                             Dischidia diphylla
                                             Dischidia dohtii
                                             Dischidia hirsuta
                                             Dischidia imbricata
                                             Dischidia incrassata
                                                   [Dischidiopsis incrassata]
                                             Dischidia lanceolata
                                             Dischidia latifolia
                                             Dischidia livida
                                             Dischidia luzonica
                                                   [Dischidiopsis luzonica]
                                             Dischidia major
                                                   [Dischidia rafflesiana]
                                             Dischidia milnei
                                             Dischidia nummularia
                                             Dischidia oiantha
                                                   [Dischidia irosinensis]
                                             Dischidia parasitica
                                                   [Dischidiopsis parasitica]
                                             Dischidia platyphylla
                                             Dischidia puberula
                                             Dischidia punctata
                                             Dischidia purpurea
                                             Dischidia rimicola
                                             Dischidia rosea
                                             Dischidia ruscifolia
                                             Dischidia sorsogonensis
                                             Dischidia striata
                                             Dischidia tonkinensis
                                             Dischidia tonsa
                                             Dischidia vidalii
                                                   [Dischidia pectenoides]
                                     Ditassa
                                             Ditassa banksii
                                                   [Ditassa umbellata]
                                             Ditassa bolivarensis
                                                   [Cynanchum bolivarense]
                                             Ditassa capillaris
                                             Ditassa caucana
                                             Ditassa ciliata
                                                   [Cynanchum duidae]
                                             Ditassa crassa
                                             Ditassa edmundoi
                                             Ditassa eximia
                                             Ditassa fasciculata
                                             Ditassa hastata
                                             Ditassa hispida
                                             Ditassa imbricata
                                             Ditassa lanceolata
                                             Ditassa longiloba
                                             Ditassa mandonii
                                             Ditassa mucronata
                                             Ditassa nigrescens
                                                   [Cynanchum caespitulosum]
                                                   [Cynanchum tatei]
                                             Ditassa obovata
                                                   [Cynanchum obovatum]
                                             Ditassa oxypetala
                                                   [Ditassa megapotamica]
                                             Ditassa pohliana
                                             Ditassa retusa
                                             Ditassa sucrensis
                                                   [Cynanchum sucrense]
                                             Ditassa thymifolia
                                                   [Cynanchum thymifolium]
                                             Ditassa tomentosa
                                                   [Metastelma venosum]
                                     Dyera
                                             Dyera costulata
                                     Echites
                                             Echites asperoglottis
                                                   [Fernaldia asperoglottis]
                                             Echites panduratus
                                                   [Fernaldia glabra]
                                                   [Mandevilla potosina]
                                                   [Urechites karwinskii]
                                             Echites repens
                                             Echites turbinata
                                             Echites turrigera
                                                   [Echites tuxtlensis]
                                             Echites umbellatus
                                                   [Echites echites]
                                                   [Echites umbellata]
                                             Echites woodsoniana
                                             Echites yucatanensis
                                     Ecliptostelma
                                     Edisonia
                                     Edithcolea
                                             Edithcolea grandis
                                     Enslenia
                                     Epicion
                                     Epigynum
                                             Epigynum auritum
                                                   [Trachelospermum curtisii]
                                             Epigynum griffithianum
                                                   [Epigynum maingayi]
                                     Ervatamia
                                     Fernaldia
                                             Fernaldia pandurata
                                                   [Fernaldia brachypharynx]
                                     Fischeria
                                             Fischeria billbergiana
                                                   [Fischeria blepharopetala]
                                             Fischeria panamensis
                                             Fischeria scandens
                                                   [Fischeria alata]
                                                   [Fischeria oaxacana]
                                             Fischeria stellata
                                                   [Fischeria martiana]
                                     Forsteronia
                                             Forsteronia acouci
                                                   [Forsteronia viridescens]
                                             Forsteronia affinis
                                             Forsteronia amblybasis
                                               Forsteronia amblybasis subsp. decipiens
                                             Forsteronia australis
                                                   [Forsteronia riedelii]
                                             Forsteronia cordata
                                             Forsteronia correntina
                                             Forsteronia floribunda
                                             Forsteronia glabrescens
                                             Forsteronia gracilis
                                             Forsteronia graciloides
                                             Forsteronia guyanensis
                                             Forsteronia laurifolia
                                             Forsteronia leptocarpa
                                                   [Forsteronia brasiliensis]
                                             Forsteronia manausana
                                             Forsteronia montana
                                             Forsteronia myriantha
                                             Forsteronia pilosa
                                             Forsteronia pubescens
                                             Forsteronia refracta
                                             Forsteronia rufa
                                             Forsteronia schomburgkii
                                             Forsteronia spicata
                                                   [Forsteronia corylifolia]
                                             Forsteronia thyrsoidea
                                             Forsteronia umbellata
                                             Forsteronia velloziana
                                     Frerea
                                     Funastrum
                                             Funastrum angustissimum
                                                   [Asclepias angustissima]
                                                   [Sarcostemma angustissimum]
                                             Funastrum arenarium
                                                   [Sarcostemma arenarium]
                                             Funastrum bilobum
                                                   [Philibertella filipes]
                                                   [Sarcostemma bilobum]
                                             Funastrum clausum
                                                   [Cynanchum mexicanum]
                                                   [Funastrum crassifolium]
                                                   [Funastrum cumanense]
                                                   [Philibertella clausa]
                                                   [Philibertia crassifolia]
                                                   [Philibertia viminalis]
                                                   [Sarcostemma clausum]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum mexicanum]
                                             Funastrum crispum
                                                   [Philibertella crispa]
                                                   [Philibertia crispa]
                                                   [Sarcostemma crispum]
                                                   [Sarcostemma lobata]
                                                   [Sarcostemma lobatum]
                                             Funastrum cynanchoides
                                                   [Funastrum cynanchoides subsp. cynanchoides]
                                                   [Funastrum cynanchoides var. subtruncatum]
                                                   [Philibertella cynanchoides]
                                                   [Philibertia cynanchoides]
                                                   [Philibertia viridiflora]
                                                   [Sarcostemma cynanchoides subsp. cynanchoides]
                                                   [Sarcostemma cynanchoides var. cynanchoides]
                                                   [Sarcostemma cynanchoides]
                                               Funastrum cynanchoides var. cynanchoides
                                               Funastrum cynanchoides var. hartwegii
                                                     [Sarcostemma cynanchoides subsp. hartwegii]
                                                     [Sarcostemma cynanchoides var. hartwegii]
                                             Funastrum elegans
                                                   [Funastrum bicolor]
                                                   [Sarcostemma elegans]
                                             Funastrum gracile
                                             Funastrum hartwegii
                                                   [Funastrum cynanchoides var. hartwegii]
                                                   [Funastrum hartwegi]
                                                   [Funastrum lineare]
                                                   [Sarcostemma cynanchoides subsp. hartwegii]
                                                   [Sarcostemma cynanchoides var. hartwegii]
                                             Funastrum heterophyllum
                                                   [Funastrum cynanchoides subsp. heterophyllum]
                                                   [Funastrum lineare var. heterophyllum]
                                                   [Philibertella heterophylla]
                                                   [Philibertia heterophylla]
                                                   [Philibertia linearis var. heterophylla]
                                                   [Sarcostemma heterophyllum]
                                             Funastrum hirtellum
                                                   [Philibertella hirtella]
                                                   [Philibertia hirtella]
                                                   [Philibertia linearis var. hirtella]
                                                   [Sarcostemma heterophyllum var. hirtellum]
                                                   [Sarcostemma hirtellum]
                                             Funastrum lindenianum
                                                   [Philibertia dumetorum]
                                             Funastrum odoratum
                                                   [Sarcostemma odoratum]
                                             Funastrum pannosum
                                                   [Philibertia pavonii]
                                                   [Philibertia tomentella]
                                                   [Sarcostemma pannosum]
                                             Funastrum torreyi
                                                   [Sarcostemma torreyi]
                                             Funastrum utahense
                                                   [Astephanus utahense]
                                                   [Astephanus utahensis]
                                                   [Cynanchum utahense]
                                     Funtumia
                                             Funtumia africana
                                                   [Kixia scheffleri]
                                             Funtumia elastica
                                                   [Kickxia elastica]
                                     Gomphocarpus
                                             Gomphocarpus cancellatus
                                                   [Asclepias rotundifolia]
                                             Gomphocarpus filiformis
                                                   [Asclepias buchenaviana]
                                             Gomphocarpus glaucophyllus
                                             Gomphocarpus longifolius
                                             Gomphocarpus physocarpus
                                                   [Asclepias physocarpa]
                                             Gomphocarpus purpurascens
                                             Gomphocarpus stenophyllus
                                             Gomphocarpus tomentosus
                                     Gongronema
                                             Gongronema napalense
                                     Goniostemma
                                             Goniostemma punctatum
                                     Gonolobus
                                             Gonolobus albiflorus
                                             Gonolobus albomarginatus
                                             Gonolobus aristolochiifolius
                                                   [Fischeria aristolochiifolia]
                                             Gonolobus arizonicus
                                                   [Lachnostoma arizonicum]
                                                   [Matelea arizonica]
                                             Gonolobus barbatus
                                             Gonolobus breedlovei
                                             Gonolobus calycosus
                                                   [Fimbristemma calycosa]
                                             Gonolobus chiapensis
                                                   [Vincetoxicum chiapense]
                                             Gonolobus chloranthus
                                             Gonolobus cteniophorus
                                                   [Vincetoxicum lundellii]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum tortum]
                                             Gonolobus cuajayote
                                             Gonolobus dasystephanus
                                             Gonolobus edulis
                                                   [Vincetoxicum edule]
                                             Gonolobus erianthus
                                                   [Vincetoxicum macranthum]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum propinquum]
                                             Gonolobus exannulatus
                                             Gonolobus fraternus
                                             Gonolobus fuscus
                                             Gonolobus gonoloboides
                                             Gonolobus grandiflorus
                                             Gonolobus incerianus
                                             Gonolobus jaliscensis
                                             Gonolobus lasiostomus
                                             Gonolobus leianthus
                                             Gonolobus lewisii
                                             Gonolobus luridus
                                             Gonolobus martinicensis
                                                   [Gonolobus scandens]
                                             Gonolobus nemorosus
                                             Gonolobus niger
                                             Gonolobus pallidus
                                             Gonolobus pancololote
                                                   [Gonolobus megalocarpus]
                                             Gonolobus parviflorus
                                             Gonolobus pectinatus
                                             Gonolobus riparius
                                             Gonolobus roeanus
                                             Gonolobus rostratus
                                                   [Exolobus patens]
                                             Gonolobus sandersii
                                             Gonolobus sororius
                                             Gonolobus stenosepalus
                                             Gonolobus stephanotrichus
                                                   [Vincetoxicum stephanotrichum]
                                             Gonolobus suberosus
                                               Gonolobus suberosus var. granulatus
                                               Gonolobus suberosus var. suberosus
                                                     [Gonolobus gonocarpos]
                                                     [Matelea gonocarpa]
                                                     [Matelea gonocarpos]
                                                     [Matelea suberosa]
                                                     [Matelea suberosus]
                                                     [Vincetoxicum gonocarpos]
                                                     [Vincetoxicum suberosum]
                                             Gonolobus taylorianus
                                             Gonolobus tobagensis
                                             Gonolobus uniflorus
                                             Gonolobus versicolor
                                             Gonolobus xanthotrichus
                                     Gymnema
                                             Gymnema griffithii
                                             Gymnema lactiferum
                                             Gymnema latifolium
                                             Gymnema pachyglossum
                                             Gymnema schlechterianum
                                             Gymnema sylvestre
                                                   [Gymnema alterniflorum]
                                             Gymnema uncarioides
                                             Gymnema yunnanense
                                     Haemadictyon
                                     Hancornia
                                             Hancornia speciosa
                                     Haplophyton
                                             Haplophyton cimicidum
                                                   [Haplophyton cinereum]
                                               Haplophyton cimicidum var. cimicidum
                                               Haplophyton cimicidum var. crooksii
                                                     [Haplophyton crooksii]
                                     Himantostemma
                                     Himatanthus
                                             Himatanthus articulatus
                                                   [Himatanthus sucuuba]
                                                   [Plumeria articulata]
                                             Himatanthus attenuatus
                                                   [Plumeria attenuata]
                                             Himatanthus bracteatus
                                                   [Himatanthus lancifolius]
                                             Himatanthus obovatus
                                             Himatanthus phagedaenicus
                                             Himatanthus tarapotensis
                                                   [Plumeria tarapotensis]
                                     Holarrhena
                                             Holarrhena curtisii
                                             Holarrhena floribunda
                                                   [Holarrhena africana]
                                                   [Holarrhena wulfsbergii]
                                             Holarrhena mitis
                                             Holarrhena pubescens
                                                   [Holarrhena antidysenterica]
                                                   [Holarrhena febrifuga]
                                     Hoodia
                                             Hoodia alstonii
                                             Hoodia bainii
                                             Hoodia currorii
                                               Hoodia currorii subsp. currorii
                                                     [Hoodia currorii var. minor]
                                                     [Hoodia gibbosa]
                                                     [Hoodia macrantha]
                                                     [Hoodia montana]
                                               Hoodia currorii subsp. lugardii
                                                     [Hoodia lugardi]
                                                     [Hoodia lugardii]
                                             Hoodia dregei
                                             Hoodia flava
                                             Hoodia gordonii
                                                   [Hoodia dinteri]
                                                   [Hoodia husabensis]
                                                   [Hoodia langii]
                                                   [Hoodia rosea]
                                                   [Hoodia whitesloaneana]
                                             Hoodia juttae
                                                   [Hoodia bainii var. juttae]
                                             Hoodia longispina
                                             Hoodia officinalis
                                               Hoodia officinalis subsp. delaetiana
                                                     [Hoodia delaetiana]
                                                     [Hoodia delaetianum]
                                               Hoodia officinalis subsp. officinalis
                                                     [Hoodia rustica]
                                             Hoodia parviflora
                                             Hoodia pedicellata
                                             Hoodia pilifera
                                               Hoodia pilifera subsp. annulata
                                                     [Hoodia annulata]
                                               Hoodia pilifera subsp. pilifera
                                               Hoodia pilifera subsp. pillansii
                                                     [Hoodia colei]
                                                     [Hoodia coleorum]
                                                     [Hoodia grandis]
                                             Hoodia ruschii
                                             Hoodia triebneri
                                                   [Hoodia foetida]
                                     Hoya
                                             Hoya australis
                                             Hoya bella
                                                   [Hoya lanceolata subsp. bella]
                                             Hoya betchei
                                                   [Hoya chlorantha]
                                             Hoya bicknellii
                                             Hoya bilobata
                                             Hoya bordenii
                                             Hoya burtoniae
                                             Hoya cagayanensis
                                             Hoya camphorifolia
                                             Hoya carnosa
                                                   [Asclepias carnosa]
                                                   [Hoya intermedia]
                                             Hoya ciliata
                                             Hoya coriacea
                                               Hoya coriacea subsp. coriacea
                                                     [Hoya angustisepala]
                                             Hoya crassicaulis
                                             Hoya cumingiana
                                             Hoya davidcummingii
                                             Hoya diptera
                                             Hoya diversifolia
                                             Hoya edanoi
                                             Hoya elmeri
                                             Hoya filiformis
                                                   [Hoya attenuata]
                                             Hoya fischeriana
                                             Hoya fusca
                                             Hoya gildingii
                                             Hoya globulosa
                                             Hoya griffithii
                                                   [Hoya kwangsiensis]
                                             Hoya heuschkeliana
                                             Hoya imbricata
                                             Hoya imperialis
                                             Hoya incrassata
                                             Hoya juannguoiana
                                             Hoya kentiana
                                             Hoya kerrii
                                             Hoya lacunosa
                                             Hoya lasiogynostegia
                                             Hoya latifolia
                                             Hoya leucorhoda
                                             Hoya leytensis
                                             Hoya linearis
                                             Hoya longifolia
                                             Hoya macrophylla
                                             Hoya magnifica
                                             Hoya mariae
                                                   [Clemensiella dischidioides]
                                                   [Clemensiella mariae]
                                             Hoya memoria
                                             Hoya merrillii
                                             Hoya mindorensis
                                               Hoya mindorensis subsp. superba
                                             Hoya mitrata
                                                   [Hoya darwinii]
                                             Hoya multiflora
                                                   [Centrostemma multiflorum]
                                             Hoya nabawanensis
                                             Hoya nervosa
                                             Hoya nyhuusiae
                                             Hoya obscura
                                             Hoya odetteae
                                             Hoya odorata
                                             Hoya ovalifolia
                                                   [Hoya hainanensis]
                                             Hoya pandurata
                                             Hoya patella
                                             Hoya pentaphlebia
                                             Hoya pottsii
                                                   [Hoya obscurinervia]
                                             Hoya pubicalyx
                                             Hoya pulchella
                                             Hoya recurvula
                                             Hoya rhodostele
                                             Hoya rizaliana
                                             Hoya serpens
                                             Hoya siamica
                                             Hoya sipitangensis
                                             Hoya solaniflora
                                             Hoya sussuela
                                                   [Hoya hollrungii]
                                             Hoya tsangii
                                             Hoya verticillata
                                                   [Hoya parasitica]
                                               Hoya verticillata var. citrina
                                                     [Hoya citrina]
                                             Hoya villosa
                                             Hoya vitiensis
                                             Hoya walliniana
                                             Hoya wayetii
                                             Hoya wibergiae
                                     Ischnolepis
                                             Ischnolepis graminifolia
                                     Kibatalia
                                             Kibatalia arborea
                                             Kibatalia elmeri
                                             Kibatalia gitingensis
                                             Kibatalia laurifolia
                                             Kibatalia macrophylla
                                                   [Paravallaris macrophylla]
                                             Kibatalia maingayi
                                             Kibatalia puberula
                                             Kibatalia stenopetala
                                     Kopsia
                                             Kopsia arborea
                                                   [Kopsia lancibracteolata]
                                                   [Kopsia pruniformis]
                                             Kopsia dasyrachis
                                             Kopsia flavida
                                             Kopsia fruticosa
                                             Kopsia griffithii
                                             Kopsia hainanensis
                                             Kopsia longiflora
                                             Kopsia pauciflora
                                                   [Kopsia caudata var. glabra]
                                                   [Kopsia caudata]
                                                   [Kopsia parvifolia]
                                             Kopsia singapurensis
                                             Kopsia tenuis
                                             Kopsia tonkinensis
                                     Lachnea
                                     Lachnostoma
                                             Lachnostoma hastulatum
                                                   [Matelea hastulata]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum hastulatum]
                                     Lacmellea
                                             Lacmellea arborescens
                                             Lacmellea edulis
                                                   [Lacmellea lactescens]
                                             Lacmellea floribunda
                                             Lacmellea gracilis
                                             Lacmellea microcarpa
                                             Lacmellea oblongata
                                             Lacmellea panamensis
                                             Lacmellea pygmaea
                                               Lacmellea pygmaea var. latifolia
                                             Lacmellea ramosissima
                                             Lacmellea speciosa
                                             Lacmellea standleyi
                                     Landolphia
                                             Landolphia buchananii
                                             Landolphia congolensis
                                             Landolphia dewevrei
                                             Landolphia dulcis
                                                   [Carpodinus dulcis]
                                             Landolphia flavidiflora
                                                   [Aphanostylis flavidiflora]
                                                   [Carpodinus flavidiflora]
                                             Landolphia foretiana
                                             Landolphia glabra
                                             Landolphia heudelotii
                                             Landolphia incerta
                                                   [Aphanostylis mannii]
                                             Landolphia kirkii
                                             Landolphia landolphioides
                                             Landolphia leptantha
                                             Landolphia ligustrifolia
                                             Landolphia mannii
                                                   [Landolphia klainii]
                                             Landolphia micrantha
                                             Landolphia myrtifolia
                                             Landolphia owariensis
                                                   [Landolphia droogmansiana]
                                                   [Landolphia stolzii]
                                             Landolphia parvifolia
                                             Landolphia pyramidata
                                                   [Aphanostylis pyramidata]
                                             Landolphia robustior
                                                   [Anthoclitandra robustior]
                                                   [Clitandra robustior]
                                             Landolphia rufescens
                                             Landolphia togolana
                                                   [Cylindropsis togolana]
                                             Landolphia villosa
                                             Landolphia violacea
                                     Larryleachia
                                           [Hoodia sociarum]
                                             Larryleachia cactiformis
                                                   [Hoodia cactiformis]
                                                   [Hoodia felina]
                                                   [Hoodia feline]
                                                   [Hoodia similis]
                                             Larryleachia marlothii
                                                   [Hoodia marlothii]
                                             Larryleachia perlata
                                                   [Hoodia perlata]
                                             Larryleachia picta
                                                   [Hoodia meloformis]
                                                   [Hoodia picta]
                                             Larryleachia tirasmontata
                                                   [Hoodia tirasmontana]
                                     Laubertia
                                             Laubertia boissieri
                                             Laubertia contorta
                                                   [Laubertia pringlei]
                                                   [Streptotrachelus pringlei]
                                     Lavrania
                                             Lavrania haagnerae
                                                   [Hoodia haagnerae]
                                     Lepinia
                                             Lepinia ponapensis
                                     Leptadenia
                                             Leptadenia hastata
                                               Leptadenia hastata subsp. hastata
                                                     [Leptadenia lancifolia]
                                             Leptadenia madagascariensis
                                             Leptadenia pyrotechnica
                                             Leptadenia reticulata
                                     Lochnera
                                     Macroditassa
                                     Macropharynx
                                             Macropharynx colombiana
                                                   [Peltastes colombianus]
                                             Macropharynx gigantea
                                                   [Peltastes giganteus]
                                             Macropharynx isthmica
                                                   [Peltastes isthmicus]
                                             Macropharynx macrocalyx
                                                   [Peltastes macrocalyx]
                                             Macropharynx peltata
                                                   [Peltastes peltatus]
                                             Macropharynx pulchra
                                                   [Peltastes pulcher]
                                                   [Peltastes tubiflorus]
                                             Macropharynx spectabilis
                                     Macroscepis
                                             Macroscepis aurea
                                             Macroscepis diademata
                                                   [Macroscepis rotata]
                                                   [Matelea diademata]
                                             Macroscepis grandiflora
                                                   [Schubertia grandiflora]
                                             Macroscepis pleistantha
                                             Macroscepis urceolata
                                     Malouetia
                                             Malouetia amplexicaulis
                                             Malouetia bequaertiana
                                             Malouetia cestroides
                                                   [Secondatia arborea]
                                             Malouetia duckei
                                             Malouetia flavescens
                                                   [Malouetia mexiae]
                                             Malouetia glandulifera
                                             Malouetia guatemalensis
                                             Malouetia heudelotii
                                             Malouetia nitida
                                             Malouetia tamaquarina
                                                   [Malouetia peruviana]
                                             Malouetia virescens
                                     Mandevilla
                                           [Macrosiphonia]
                                             Mandevilla acutiloba
                                             Mandevilla angustifolia
                                             Mandevilla apocynifolia
                                             Mandevilla atroviolacea
                                             Mandevilla benthamii
                                             Mandevilla boliviensis
                                                   [Mandevilla pittieri]
                                             Mandevilla brachyloba
                                             Mandevilla brachysiphon
                                                   [Macrosiphonia brachysiphon]
                                                   [Macrosiphonia dulcis]
                                                   [Macrosiphonia woodsoniana]
                                                   [Telosiphonia brachysiphon]
                                             Mandevilla bracteata
                                             Mandevilla callista
                                             Mandevilla cercophylla
                                             Mandevilla coccinea
                                             Mandevilla emarginata
                                             Mandevilla exilicaulis
                                             Mandevilla foliosa
                                             Mandevilla fragrans
                                             Mandevilla funiformis
                                             Mandevilla hesperia
                                                   [Macrosiphonia hesperia]
                                             Mandevilla hirsuta
                                                   [Echites hirsuta]
                                                   [Echites hirsutus]
                                                   [Echites tomentosa]
                                                   [Echites tomentosus]
                                             Mandevilla holosericea
                                                   [Mandevilla sertuligera]
                                                   [Mandevilla syrinx]
                                             Mandevilla hypoleuca
                                                   [Macrosiphonia hypoleuca]
                                                   [Telosiphonia hypoleuca]
                                             Mandevilla illustris
                                             Mandevilla immaculata
                                             Mandevilla karwinskii
                                             Mandevilla lancifolia
                                             Mandevilla lanuginosa
                                                   [Macrosiphonia lanuginosa var. lanuginosa]
                                                   [Macrosiphonia lanuginosa]
                                             Mandevilla laxa
                                                   [Mandevilla bridgesii]
                                                   [Mandevilla suaveolens]
                                             Mandevilla linearis
                                             Mandevilla longiflora
                                                   [Macrosiphonia longiflora]
                                             Mandevilla macrosiphon
                                                   [Macrosiphonia lanuginosa var. macrosiphon]
                                                   [Macrosiphonia macrosiphon]
                                                   [Telosiphonia macrosiphon]
                                             Mandevilla martiana
                                             Mandevilla martii
                                                   [Macrosiphonia martii]
                                             Mandevilla mexicana
                                             Mandevilla moricandiana
                                             Mandevilla myriophyllum
                                             Mandevilla nacapulensis
                                                   [Telosiphonia nacapulensis]
                                             Mandevilla novocapitalis
                                             Mandevilla oaxacana
                                                   [Mandevilla schumanniana]
                                             Mandevilla pavonii
                                             Mandevilla pentlandiana
                                             Mandevilla petraea
                                                   [Macrosiphonia petraea]
                                                   [Macrosiphonia verticillata]
                                             Mandevilla pringlei
                                             Mandevilla pubescens
                                                   [Elytropus chilensis]
                                             Mandevilla pycnantha
                                             Mandevilla riparia
                                             Mandevilla rugellosa
                                                   [Mandevilla antennacea]
                                             Mandevilla rugosa
                                             Mandevilla sagittarii
                                             Mandevilla sancta
                                             Mandevilla sanderi
                                             Mandevilla scaberula
                                             Mandevilla scabra
                                                   [Amblyanthera versicolor]
                                             Mandevilla sellowii
                                             Mandevilla speciosa
                                             Mandevilla spigeliiflora
                                             Mandevilla splendens
                                             Mandevilla stans
                                                   [Secondatia stans]
                                             Mandevilla subsagittata
                                                   [Echites lanatus]
                                                   [Echites microcalyx]
                                                   [Echites subsagittata]
                                                   [Echites subsagittatus]
                                             Mandevilla subsessilis
                                                   [Mandevilla mollis]
                                                   [Mandevilla platydactyla]
                                             Mandevilla symphytocarpa
                                             Mandevilla tenuifolia
                                             Mandevilla torosa
                                             Mandevilla trianae
                                             Mandevilla tubiflora
                                                   [Echites tubiflora]
                                             Mandevilla urophylla
                                             Mandevilla velame
                                                   [Macrosiphonia velame]
                                             Mandevilla velutina
                                             Mandevilla veraguasensis
                                             Mandevilla villosa
                                             Mandevilla virescens
                                                   [Macrosiphonia virescens]
                                     Marsdenia
                                             Marsdenia astephanoides
                                             Marsdenia australis
                                             Marsdenia balansae
                                             Marsdenia callosa
                                             Marsdenia carterae
                                             Marsdenia coulteri
                                             Marsdenia cuixmalensis
                                             Marsdenia cundurango
                                                   [Marsdenia reichenbachii]
                                             Marsdenia dussii
                                                   [Marsdenia dussi]
                                             Marsdenia edulis
                                             Marsdenia elliptica
                                             Marsdenia fruticosa
                                             Marsdenia gallardoae
                                             Marsdenia griffithii
                                             Marsdenia gymnemoides
                                             Marsdenia hainanensis
                                             Marsdenia hassleriana
                                             Marsdenia hiriartiana
                                             Marsdenia lachnostoma
                                                   [Marsdenia cambodiensis]
                                             Marsdenia lanata
                                             Marsdenia latifolia
                                                   [Gongronema latifolium]
                                             Marsdenia laxiflora
                                             Marsdenia macrophylla
                                                   [Marsdenia maculata]
                                             Marsdenia magallanesiana
                                             Marsdenia mayana
                                             Marsdenia mexicana
                                             Marsdenia microlepis
                                             Marsdenia officinalis
                                             Marsdenia olgamarthae
                                             Marsdenia parvifolia
                                             Marsdenia pringlei
                                             Marsdenia propinqua
                                             Marsdenia purpusiana
                                                   [Ecliptostelma molle]
                                             Marsdenia rostrata
                                             Marsdenia roylei
                                             Marsdenia rubicunda
                                                   [Dregea rubicunda]
                                                   [Marsdenia macrantha]
                                             Marsdenia schlechteriana
                                             Marsdenia sinensis
                                                   [Dregea sinensis]
                                             Marsdenia steyermarkii
                                             Marsdenia suaveolens
                                             Marsdenia tenacissima
                                             Marsdenia thyrsiflora
                                             Marsdenia tinctoria
                                                   [Marsdenia globifera]
                                                   [Marsdenia tinctoria var. tomentosa]
                                             Marsdenia tingens
                                                   [Gymnema inodorum]
                                                   [Gymnema tingens]
                                             Marsdenia tomentosa
                                             Marsdenia trivirgulata
                                             Marsdenia tubularis
                                             Marsdenia volubilis
                                                   [Dregea volubilis]
                                             Marsdenia woodburyana
                                             Marsdenia zimapanica
                                     Mascarenhasia
                                             Mascarenhasia arborescens
                                                   [Mascarenhasia elastica]
                                             Mascarenhasia lanceolata
                                             Mascarenhasia lisianthiflora
                                                   [Echitella lisianthiflora]
                                     Matelea
                                           [Fimbristemma]
                                           [Ibatia]
                                           [Odontostephana]
                                           [Rothrockia]
                                             Matelea adenocardia
                                             Matelea alabamensis
                                                   [Cyclodon alabamense]
                                                   [Cyclodon alabamensis]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum alabamense]
                                             Matelea araneosa
                                             Matelea atrocoronata
                                                   [Vincetoxicum atrocoronatum]
                                             Matelea atrostellata
                                             Matelea baldwyniana
                                                   [Gonolobus baldwynianus]
                                                   [Odontostephana baldwyniana]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum baldwynianum]
                                             Matelea belizensis
                                             Matelea biflora
                                                   [Gonolobus biflorus]
                                             Matelea brasiliensis
                                             Matelea brevicoronata
                                                   [Gonolobus parviflorus var. brevicoronatus]
                                             Matelea campechiana
                                             Matelea carolinensis
                                                   [Gonolobus carolinensis]
                                                   [Gonolobus hirsutus]
                                                   [Odontostephana carolinensis]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum carolinense]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum hirsutum]
                                             Matelea castanea
                                                   [Amphorella castanea]
                                             Matelea chihuahuensis
                                                   [Gonolobus chihuahuensis]
                                             Matelea chrysantha
                                             Matelea congesta
                                             Matelea cordifolia
                                                   [Rothrockia cordifolia]
                                             Matelea crassifolia
                                             Matelea crenata
                                             Matelea cyclophylla
                                             Matelea cynanchoides
                                                   [Gonolobus cynanchoides]
                                             Matelea decipiens
                                                   [Gonolobus decipiens]
                                                   [Odontostephana decipiens]
                                             Matelea denticulata
                                                   [Cynanchum viridiflora]
                                                   [Cynanchum viridiflorum]
                                                   [Matelea viridiflora]
                                             Matelea edwardsensis
                                             Matelea flavidula
                                                   [Odontostephana flavidula]
                                             Matelea floridana
                                                   [Odontostephana floridana]
                                             Matelea fruticosa
                                                   [Rothrockia fruticosa]
                                             Matelea gentlei
                                             Matelea gonoloboides
                                                   [Urostephanus gonoloboides]
                                             Matelea gracilis
                                                   [Gonolobus gracilis]
                                             Matelea guatemalensis
                                             Matelea hatschbachii
                                             Matelea hirsuta
                                                   [Macroscepis hirsuta]
                                                   [Matelea trianae]
                                             Matelea inconspicua
                                             Matelea inops
                                             Matelea lanceolata
                                                   [Gonolobus lanceolatus]
                                             Matelea lesueurii
                                                   [Vincetoxicum lesueurii]
                                             Matelea magallanesii
                                             Matelea magnifolia
                                             Matelea maritima
                                                   [Asclepias maritima]
                                                   [Cynanchum maritimum]
                                                   [Ibatia maritima]
                                                   [Ibatia muricata]
                                             Matelea medusae
                                             Matelea mexicana
                                                   [Gonolobus stenopetalus]
                                             Matelea micrantha
                                             Matelea molinarum
                                             Matelea nigrescens
                                             Matelea obliqua
                                                   [Gonolobus obliquus]
                                                   [Gonolobus shortii]
                                                   [Matelea shortii]
                                                   [Odontostephana obliqua]
                                                   [Odontostephana shortii]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum obliquum]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum shortii]
                                             Matelea palustris
                                             Matelea parviflora
                                             Matelea parvifolia
                                                   [Gonolobus californicus]
                                                   [Gonolobus parvifolius]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum parvifolium]
                                             Matelea pedalis
                                             Matelea petiolaris
                                             Matelea picturata
                                             Matelea pilosa
                                             Matelea pinguifolia
                                                   [Vincetoxicum pinguifolium]
                                             Matelea pringlei
                                                   [Himantostemma pringlei]
                                             Matelea producta
                                                   [Gonolobus productus]
                                             Matelea prosthecidiscus
                                                   [Prosthecidiscus guatemalensis]
                                             Matelea pubiflora
                                                   [Edisonia pubiflora]
                                             Matelea pueblensis
                                             Matelea quercetorum
                                             Matelea radiata
                                             Matelea reticulata
                                                   [Gonolobus reticulatus]
                                             Matelea rivularis
                                             Matelea sagittifolia
                                                   [Gonolobus sagittifolius]
                                             Matelea sintenisii
                                                   [Gonolobus sintenisii]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum sintenisii]
                                             Matelea stenopetala
                                             Matelea texensis
                                             Matelea trachyantha
                                             Matelea tristiflora
                                             Matelea tuerckheimii
                                             Matelea umbellata
                                                   [Rothrockia umbellata]
                                             Matelea variifolia
                                                   [Gonolobus variifolius]
                                                   [Matelea borinquensis]
                                                   [Matelea varifolia]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum variifolium]
                                             Matelea velutina
                                             Matelea woodsonii
                                     Melinia
                                     Mellichampia
                                     Melodinus
                                             Melodinus acutiflorus
                                             Melodinus angustifolius
                                             Melodinus australis
                                                   [Chilocarpus australis]
                                                   [Melodinus novoguineensis]
                                             Melodinus balansae
                                             Melodinus baueri
                                             Melodinus celastroides
                                                   [Melodinus buxifolius]
                                             Melodinus cochinchinensis
                                                   [Melodinus spireanus]
                                             Melodinus cumingii
                                             Melodinus fusiformis
                                             Melodinus glaber
                                             Melodinus hemsleyanus
                                             Melodinus khasianus
                                             Melodinus monogynus
                                             Melodinus orientalis
                                             Melodinus scandens
                                             Melodinus suaveolens
                                             Melodinus vitiensis
                                     Menabea
                                     Mesechites
                                             Mesechites acuminatus
                                             Mesechites angustifolius
                                             Mesechites mansoanus
                                             Mesechites repens
                                             Mesechites roseus
                                             Mesechites trifidus
                                     Metalepis
                                             Metalepis cubensis
                                                   [Cynanchum cubense]
                                                   [Gonolobus cubensis]
                                             Metalepis peraffinis
                                     Metaplexis
                                             Metaplexis japonica
                                     Metastelma
                                             Metastelma anegadense
                                                   [Cynanchum anegadense]
                                             Metastelma angustifolium
                                             Metastelma arizonicum
                                                   [Cynanchum arizonicum]
                                               Metastelma arizonicum subsp. arizonicum
                                                     [Metastelma watsonianum]
                                               Metastelma arizonicum subsp. chiapense
                                                     [Cynanchum chiapense]
                                                     [Metastelma chiapense]
                                             Metastelma atrovirens
                                                   [Cynanchum atrovirens]
                                             Metastelma bahamense
                                                   [Cynanchum bahamense]
                                             Metastelma barbigerum
                                                   [Cynanchum barbigerum]
                                             Metastelma blodgettii
                                                   [Cynanchum blodgettii]
                                             Metastelma bonplandianum
                                                   [Cynanchum graminifolium]
                                             Metastelma brachymischum
                                             Metastelma burchellii
                                                   [Cynanchum bonariense]
                                                   [Ditassa bonariensis]
                                             Metastelma californicum
                                               Metastelma californicum subsp. californicum
                                                     [Cynanchum californicum]
                                               Metastelma californicum subsp. lanceolatum
                                                     [Ditassa mexicana]
                                                     [Metastelma lanceolatum]
                                             Metastelma cuneatum
                                             Metastelma decipiens
                                                   [Cynanchum cheesmanii]
                                                   [Metastelma fallax]
                                             Metastelma eliasianum
                                             Metastelma exasperatum
                                                   [Cynanchum exasperatum]
                                             Metastelma fiebrigii
                                             Metastelma filiforme
                                             Metastelma freemanii
                                                   [Cynanchum freemanii]
                                             Metastelma grisebachianum
                                                   [Cynanchum grisebachianum]
                                                   [Metastelma decaisneanum]
                                             Metastelma hamatum
                                             Metastelma hirtellum
                                                   [Cynanchum revolutum]
                                             Metastelma latifolium
                                             Metastelma leptocladon
                                                   [Cynanchum ephedroides]
                                                   [Cynanchum leptocladum]
                                                   [Metastelma ephedroides]
                                             Metastelma lineare
                                                   [Cynanchum lineare]
                                             Metastelma longicoronatum
                                                   [Cynanchum longicoronatum]
                                             Metastelma mathewsii
                                             Metastelma mexicanum
                                                   [Basistelma angustifolia]
                                                   [Basistelma angustifolium]
                                                   [Cynanchum wigginsii]
                                                   [Melinia mexicana]
                                             Metastelma minutiflorum
                                             Metastelma monense
                                                   [Cynanchum monense]
                                             Metastelma northropiae
                                                   [Cynanchum northropiae]
                                                   [Epicion northropiae]
                                             Metastelma oranensis
                                                   [Metastelma oranense]
                                             Metastelma palmeri
                                                   [Cynanchum maccartii]
                                                   [Metastelma macropodum]
                                             Metastelma parviflorum
                                                   [Cynanchum parviflorum]
                                                   [Metastelma paralias]
                                                   [Metastelma suberosum]
                                             Metastelma pedunculare
                                             Metastelma penicillatum
                                                   [Cynanchum penicillatum]
                                             Metastelma picardae
                                                   [Cynanchum picardae]
                                             Metastelma pringlei
                                                   [Cynanchum barbigerum var. breviflorum]
                                                   [Cynanchum pringlei]
                                             Metastelma quitense
                                                   [Cynanchum quitense]
                                             Metastelma schaffneri
                                                   [Metastelma multiflorum]
                                             Metastelma schlechtendalii
                                                   [Cynanchum schlechtendalii]
                                               Metastelma schlechtendalii var. trichophyllum
                                                     [Metastelma trichophyllum]
                                             Metastelma schlechteri
                                             Metastelma thalamosiphon
                                     Micrechites
                                             Micrechites lancifolius
                                                   [Vallariopsis lancifolia]
                                             Micrechites polyantha
                                                   [Ichnocarpus polyanthus]
                                             Micrechites rhombifolia
                                                   [Ichnocarpus rhombifolius]
                                                   [Lamechites schlechteri]
                                             Micrechites serpyllifolia
                                                   [Ichnocarpus serpyllifolius]
                                     Microdactylon
                                     Morrenia
                                             Morrenia odorata
                                     Mortoniella
                                             Mortoniella pittieri
                                     Nerium
                                             Nerium indicum
                                               Nerium indicum subsp. indicum
                                                     [Nerium odorum]
                                               Nerium indicum subsp. kotschyi
                                                     [Nerium kotschyi]
                                             Nerium oleander
                                     Ochrosia
                                           [Neisosperma]
                                             Ochrosia ackeringae
                                             Ochrosia acuminata
                                             Ochrosia apoensis
                                             Ochrosia brownii
                                             Ochrosia compta
                                                   [Bleekeria compta]
                                                   [Ochrosia forbesii]
                                                   [Ochrosia holei]
                                                   [Ochrosia kondoi]
                                                   [Ochrosia lamoureuxii]
                                                   [Ochrosia microcalyx]
                                                   [Ochrosia sandwicensis]
                                             Ochrosia elliptica
                                             Ochrosia ficifolia
                                             Ochrosia glomerata
                                             Ochrosia haleakalae
                                                   [Ochrosia hamakuaensis]
                                             Ochrosia kauaiensis
                                             Ochrosia kilaueaensis
                                                   [Ochrosia konaensis]
                                             Ochrosia kilneri
                                                   [Neisosperma kilneri]
                                             Ochrosia lifuana
                                                   [Ochrosia confusa]
                                             Ochrosia mariannensis
                                                   [Bleekeria mariannensis]
                                             Ochrosia miana
                                             Ochrosia moorei
                                             Ochrosia mulsantii
                                                   [Ochrosia vieillardii]
                                             Ochrosia oppositifolia
                                                   [Neisosperma oppositifolia]
                                             Ochrosia parviflora
                                             Ochrosia poweri
                                             Ochrosia vitiensis
                                                   [Bleekeria vitiensis]
                                                   [Excavatia vitiensis]
                                     Odontadenia
                                             Odontadenia funigera
                                             Odontadenia geminata
                                             Odontadenia hypoglauca
                                             Odontadenia lutea
                                             Odontadenia macrantha
                                             Odontadenia matogrossana
                                             Odontadenia nitida
                                             Odontadenia polyneura
                                                   [Rhabdadenia polyneura]
                                             Odontadenia puncticulosa
                                             Odontadenia semidigyna
                                                   [Odontadenia grandiflora]
                                             Odontadenia stemmadeniifolia
                                             Odontadenia verrucosa
                                     Orbea
                                             Orbea lutea
                                               Orbea lutea subsp. vaga
                                                     [Caralluma nebrownii]
                                             Orbea variegata
                                                   [Stapelia variegata]
                                     Orthosia
                                             Orthosia angustifolia
                                                   [Cynanchum kunthii]
                                                   [Orthosia kunthii]
                                             Orthosia cynanchoides
                                             Orthosia dusenii
                                             Orthosia glaberrima
                                                   [Cynanchum glaberrimum]
                                             Orthosia guilleminiana
                                             Orthosia misera
                                                   [Cynanchum miserum]
                                             Orthosia pubescens
                                                   [Astephanus pubescens]
                                             Orthosia retinaculata
                                                   [Cynanchum trilobulatum]
                                             Orthosia rubens
                                                   [Cynanchum rubens]
                                             Orthosia scoparia
                                                   [Amphistelma scoparia]
                                                   [Cynanchum atrorubens]
                                                   [Cynanchum scoparium]
                                                   [Metastelma scoparium]
                                             Orthosia virgata
                                                   [Metastelma diffusum]
                                     Oxypetalum
                                             Oxypetalum acerosum
                                             Oxypetalum aequaliflorum
                                             Oxypetalum alpinum
                                               Oxypetalum alpinum var. pallidum
                                             Oxypetalum appendiculatum
                                             Oxypetalum arnottianum
                                             Oxypetalum attenuatum
                                             Oxypetalum balansae
                                             Oxypetalum banksii
                                             Oxypetalum brachystemma
                                             Oxypetalum capitatum
                                             Oxypetalum ceratostemma
                                             Oxypetalum chodatianum
                                             Oxypetalum coccineum
                                                   [Amblyopetalum coccineum]
                                             Oxypetalum coeruleum
                                             Oxypetalum confusum
                                             Oxypetalum cordifolium
                                               Oxypetalum cordifolium subsp. brasiliense
                                                     [Oxypetalum subriparium]
                                               Oxypetalum cordifolium subsp. mexiae
                                                     [Oxypetalum mexiae]
                                               Oxypetalum cordifolium subsp. pedicellatum
                                                     [Oxypetalum pedicellatum]
                                             Oxypetalum crispum
                                                   [Oxypetalum pratense]
                                             Oxypetalum dombeyanum
                                             Oxypetalum erectum
                                             Oxypetalum erianthum
                                             Oxypetalum flavopurpureum
                                             Oxypetalum humile
                                             Oxypetalum incanum
                                                   [Oxypetalum tridens]
                                             Oxypetalum insigne
                                               Oxypetalum insigne var. glabrum
                                                     [Oxypetalum glabrum]
                                             Oxypetalum jacobinae
                                                   [Gothofreda lagoensis]
                                                   [Oxypetalum lagoense]
                                             Oxypetalum lineare
                                             Oxypetalum macrolepis
                                             Oxypetalum malmei
                                             Oxypetalum marginatum
                                             Oxypetalum martii
                                             Oxypetalum minarum
                                             Oxypetalum molle
                                             Oxypetalum mosenii
                                             Oxypetalum muticum
                                             Oxypetalum obtusifolium
                                             Oxypetalum pachygynum
                                             Oxypetalum pannosum
                                             Oxypetalum pilosum
                                             Oxypetalum rojasianum
                                             Oxypetalum schulzii
                                             Oxypetalum strictum
                                             Oxypetalum sublanatum
                                             Oxypetalum tomentosum
                                             Oxypetalum tubatum
                                             Oxypetalum wightianum
                                     Oxypteryx
                                     Pachypodium
                                             Pachypodium ambongense
                                             Pachypodium baronii
                                             Pachypodium bispinosum
                                             Pachypodium brevicaule
                                             Pachypodium decaryi
                                             Pachypodium densiflorum
                                             Pachypodium eburneum
                                             Pachypodium geayi
                                             Pachypodium horombense
                                             Pachypodium inopinatum
                                             Pachypodium lamerei
                                                   [Pachypodium menabeum]
                                             Pachypodium lealii
                                                   [Pachypodium lealii subsp. lealii]
                                             Pachypodium meridionale
                                             Pachypodium mikea
                                             Pachypodium namaquanum
                                             Pachypodium rosulatum
                                               Pachypodium rosulatum subsp. bemaharense
                                               Pachypodium rosulatum subsp. bicolor
                                               Pachypodium rosulatum subsp. cactipes
                                               Pachypodium rosulatum subsp. gracilius
                                               Pachypodium rosulatum subsp. makayense
                                               Pachypodium rosulatum subsp. rostulatum
                                             Pachypodium rutenbergianum
                                             Pachypodium saundersii
                                                   [Pachypodium lealii subsp. saundersii]
                                             Pachypodium sofiense
                                             Pachypodium succulentum
                                             Pachypodium windsorii
                                                   [Pachypodium baronii var. windsorii]
                                             Pachypodium × hojnyi
                                     Pachystelma
                                     Parahancornia
                                             Parahancornia amara
                                             Parahancornia negroensis
                                             Parahancornia surrogata
                                     Peltastes
                                     Pentalinon
                                           [Urechites]
                                             Pentalinon andrieuxii
                                                   [Urechites andrieuxii]
                                             Pentalinon luteum
                                                   [Echites andrewsii]
                                                   [Urechites lutea var. lutea]
                                                   [Urechites lutea var. sericea]
                                                   [Urechites lutea]
                                                   [Urechites luteus var. sericeus]
                                                   [Urechites luteus]
                                                   [Urechites pinetorum]
                                     Pentatropis
                                             Pentatropis capensis
                                             Pentatropis microphylla
                                             Pentatropis nivalis
                                               Pentatropis nivalis subsp. nivalis
                                                     [Pentatropis cynanchoides]
                                     Peplonia
                                           [Gonioanthela]
                                             Peplonia adnata
                                                   [Macroditassa adnata]
                                             Peplonia axillaris
                                                   [Gonioanthela odorata]
                                             Peplonia macrophylla
                                                   [Macroditassa macrophylla]
                                             Peplonia riedelii
                                     Pergularia
                                             Pergularia daemia
                                               Pergularia daemia subsp. barbata
                                                     [Pergularia barbata]
                                               Pergularia daemia subsp. daemia
                                                     [Daemia extensa]
                                               Pergularia daemia subsp. garipensis
                                             Pergularia tomentosa
                                     Periploca
                                             Periploca aphylla
                                             Periploca calophylla
                                             Periploca forrestii
                                             Periploca graeca
                                             Periploca laevigata
                                                   [Periploca laevigata subsp. angustifolia]
                                             Periploca linearifolia
                                             Periploca sepium
                              Periplocoideae
                                     Buckollia
                                             Buckollia volubilis
                                     Ectadium
                                             Ectadium virgatum
                                     Finlaysonia
                                             Finlaysonia obovata
                                             Finlaysonia pierrei
                                                   [Atherolepis pierrei]
                                     Gymnanthera
                                             Gymnanthera oblonga
                                                   [Gymnanthera nitida]
                                     Gymnolaema
                                     Hemidesmus
                                             Hemidesmus indicus
                                     Myriopteron
                                             Myriopteron extensum
                                     Pentopetia
                                             Pentopetia androsaemifolia
                                             Pentopetia grevei
                                                   [Gonocrypta grevei]
                                     Raphionacme
                                             Raphionacme galpinii
                                             Raphionacme hirsuta
                                             Raphionacme velutina
                                     Streptocaulon
                                             Streptocaulon juventas
                                                   [Streptocaulon tomentosum]
                                     Tacazzea
                                             Tacazzea apiculata
                                     Pervillaea
                                             Pervillaea venenata
                                               Pervillaea venenata subsp. venenata
                                                     [Menabea venenata]
                                     Pervinca
                                     Peschiera
                                     Petchia
                                             Petchia cryptophlebia
                                             Petchia erythrocarpa
                                             Petchia madagascariensis
                                                   [Cabucala macrophylla]
                                                   [Cabucala multiflora]
                                     Pherotrichis
                                             Pherotrichis leptogenia
                                             Pherotrichis mixtecana
                                             Pherotrichis schaffneri
                                                   [Matelea balbisii]
                                                   [Pherotrichis balbisii]
                                             Pherotrichis villosa
                                     Philibertella
                                             Philibertella hartwegi
                                     Philibertia
                                           [Amblystigma]
                                             Philibertia boliviensis
                                             Philibertia campanulata
                                             Philibertia candolleana
                                             Philibertia cionophora
                                                   [Amblystigma cionophorum]
                                             Philibertia coalita
                                             Philibertia gilliesii
                                             Philibertia latiflora
                                             Philibertia linearis
                                             Philibertia longistyla
                                             Philibertia lysimachioides
                                             Philibertia nivea
                                             Philibertia parviflora
                                             Philibertia picta
                                             Philibertia solanoides
                                                   [Philibertia hastata]
                                             Philibertia speciosa
                                             Philibertia stipitata
                                             Philibertia tomentosa
                                             Philibertia tubata
                                     Phyllanthera
                                             Phyllanthera grayi
                                                   [Cryptolepis grayi]
                                             Phyllanthera perakensis
                                     Pinochia
                                             Pinochia corymbosa
                                                   [Forsteronia corymbosa]
                                               Pinochia corymbosa subsp. corymbosa
                                                     [Thyrsanthus pyriformis]
                                               Pinochia corymbosa subsp. portoricensis
                                                     [Forsteronia portoricensis]
                                             Pinochia floribunda
                                     Plectaneia
                                             Plectaneia stenophylla
                                             Plectaneia thouarsii
                                                   [Plectaneia elastica]
                                                   [Plectaneia hildebrandtii]
                                     Plumeria
                                             Plumeria alba
                                             Plumeria emarginata
                                             Plumeria krugii
                                             Plumeria obtusa
                                               Plumeria obtusa var. obtusa
                                                     [Plumeria portoricensis]
                                               Plumeria obtusa var. sericifolia
                                             Plumeria rubra
                                                   [Plumeria acuminata]
                                                   [Plumeria acutifolia]
                                                   [Plumeria megaphylla]
                                                   [Plumeria mexicana]
                                                   [Plumeria mollis]
                                                   [Plumeria rubra f. acuminata]
                                                   [Plumeria tricolor]
                                             Plumeria sericifolia
                                                   [Plumeria multiflora]
                                             Plumeria subsessilis
                                     Poacynum
                                             Poacynum lancifolium
                                                   [Apocynum lancifolium]
                                             Poacynum pictum
                                                   [Apocynum pictum]
                                             Poacynum russanovii
                                                   [Apocynum russanovii]
                                             Poacynum venetum
                                                   [Trachomitum venetum]
                                     Podostemma
                                     Podostigma
                                     Polyotus
                                     Polystemma
                                             Polystemma guatemalense
                                                   [Matelea quirosii]
                                             Polystemma viridiflorum
                                                   [Matelea rupestris]
                                                   [Matelea scopulorum]
                                                   [Polystemma rupestre]
                                                   [Polystemma scopulorum]
                                     Prestonia
                                             Prestonia calycina
                                             Prestonia cayennensis
                                             Prestonia coalita
                                             Prestonia cyaniphylla
                                             Prestonia dusenii
                                             Prestonia erecta
                                             Prestonia exserta
                                                   [Haemadictyon exsertum]
                                                   [Prestonia fendleri]
                                                   [Prestonia tobagensis]
                                             Prestonia lagoensis
                                             Prestonia lindleyana
                                             Prestonia longifolia
                                                   [Prestonia concolor]
                                             Prestonia mexicana
                                                   [Prestonia remediorum]
                                             Prestonia mollis
                                             Prestonia parviflora
                                                   [Prestonia mucronata]
                                             Prestonia portobellensis
                                                   [Prestonia guatemalensis]
                                             Prestonia quinquangularis
                                                   [Echites quinquangularis]
                                                   [Haemadictyon venosum]
                                                   [Prestonia acutifolia]
                                             Prestonia racemosa
                                             Prestonia robusta
                                             Prestonia rotundifolia
                                             Prestonia solanifolia
                                             Prestonia speciosa
                                             Prestonia surinamensis
                                             Prestonia tomentosa
                                             Prestonia trifida
                                             Prestonia tysonii
                                     Pteralyxia
                                             Pteralyxia kauaiensis
                                             Pteralyxia laurifolia
                                                   [Pteralyxia caumiana]
                                                   [Pteralyxia macrocarpa]
                                     Rauvolfia
                                             Rauvolfia amsoniifolia
                                             Rauvolfia balansae
                                               Rauvolfia balansae subsp. balansae
                                                     [Rauvolfia linearisepala]
                                             Rauvolfia biauriculata
                                             Rauvolfia caffra
                                             Rauvolfia cambodiana
                                             Rauvolfia chaudocensis
                                             Rauvolfia cubana
                                             Rauvolfia insularis
                                             Rauvolfia javanica
                                             Rauvolfia ligustrina
                                                   [Rauvolfia alphonsiana]
                                                   [Rauvolfia mollis]
                                             Rauvolfia littoralis
                                                   [Rauvolfia macrocarpa]
                                             Rauvolfia macrantha
                                             Rauvolfia mannii
                                                   [Rauvolfia cumminsii]
                                                   [Rauvolfia rosea]
                                             Rauvolfia media
                                             Rauvolfia mombasiana
                                             Rauvolfia nitida
                                             Rauvolfia paraensis
                                             Rauvolfia praecox
                                             Rauvolfia sachetiae
                                             Rauvolfia salicifolia
                                             Rauvolfia sandwicensis
                                                   [Rauvolfia degeneri]
                                                   [Rauvolfia forbesii]
                                                   [Rauvolfia helleri]
                                                   [Rauvolfia mauiensis]
                                                   [Rauvolfia molokaiensis var. parvifolia]
                                                   [Rauvolfia molokaiensis]
                                                   [Rauvolfia remotiflora]
                                                   [Rauvolfia sandwicensis var. sandwicensis]
                                                   [Rauvolfia sandwicensis var. subacuminata]
                                                   [Rauvolfia sandwicensis var. subcuminata]
                                             Rauvolfia schuelii
                                             Rauvolfia sellowii
                                             Rauvolfia semperflorens
                                             Rauvolfia serpentina
                                             Rauvolfia sprucei
                                             Rauvolfia sumatrana
                                                   [Rauvolfia samarensis]
                                             Rauvolfia tetraphylla
                                                   [Rauvolfia canescens var. glabra]
                                                   [Rauvolfia canescens]
                                                   [Rauvolfia heterophylla]
                                                   [Rauvolfia hirsuta]
                                             Rauvolfia verticillata
                                                   [Rauvolfia densiflora]
                                                   [Rauvolfia perakensis]
                                             Rauvolfia viridis
                                                   [Rauvolfia lamarckii]
                                             Rauvolfia vomitoria
                                             Rauvolfia weddeliana
                                                   [Rauvolfia sessilifolia]
                              Rauvolfioideae
                                     Ambelania
                                             Ambelania acida
                                     Ancylobothrys
                                             Ancylobothrys amoena
                                             Ancylobothrys capensis
                                                   [Landolphia capensis]
                                             Ancylobothrys petersiana
                                             Ancylobothrys robusta
                                             Ancylobothrys scandens
                                             Ancylobothrys tayloris
                                     Callichilia
                                             Callichilia barteri
                                                   [Hedranthera barteri]
                                             Callichilia inaequalis
                                             Callichilia monopodialis
                                             Callichilia subsessilis
                                     Carvalhoa
                                             Carvalhoa campanulata
                                     Chilocarpus
                                             Chilocarpus beccarianus
                                             Chilocarpus conspicuus
                                             Chilocarpus costatus
                                             Chilocarpus decipiens
                                             Chilocarpus denudatus
                                             Chilocarpus obtusifolius
                                             Chilocarpus rostratus
                                             Chilocarpus suaveolens
                                             Chilocarpus torulosus
                                                   [Chilocarpus anguineus]
                                     Clitandra
                                             Clitandra cymulosa
                                                   [Clitandra orientalis]
                                     Condylocarpon
                                             Condylocarpon amazonicum
                                             Condylocarpon isthmicum
                                                   [Condylocarpon rauwolfiae]
                                             Condylocarpon myrtifolium
                                     Couma
                                             Couma catingae
                                             Couma guianensis
                                             Couma macrocarpa
                                             Couma utilis
                                     Craspidospermum
                                             Craspidospermum verticillatum
                                     Crioceras
                                             Crioceras dipladeniiflorus
                                     Cyclocotyla
                                             Cyclocotyla congolensis
                                     Dictyophleba
                                             Dictyophleba leonensis
                                             Dictyophleba lucida
                                                   [Landolphia lucida]
                                             Dictyophleba ochracea
                                             Dictyophleba stipulosa
                                     Diplorhynchus
                                             Diplorhynchus condylocarpon
                                                   [Diplorhynchus angolensis]
                                     Geissospermum
                                             Geissospermum argenteum
                                             Geissospermum urceolatum
                                     Gonioma
                                             Gonioma kamassi
                                     Hunteria
                                             Hunteria camerunensis
                                             Hunteria umbellata
                                                   [Hunteria eburnea]
                                             Hunteria zeylanica
                                                   [Hunteria zeylanica var. africana]
                                     Laxoplumeria
                                             Laxoplumeria macrophylla
                                     Lepiniopsis
                                             Lepiniopsis ternatensis
                                     Leuconotis
                                             Leuconotis anceps
                                             Leuconotis bullata
                                             Leuconotis eugeniifolia
                                     Macoubea
                                             Macoubea guianensis
                                                   [Macoubea sinuosa]
                                     Molongum
                                             Molongum laxum
                                             Molongum zschokkeiforme
                                     Mucoa
                                             Mucoa duckei
                                                   [Neocouma duckei]
                                     Neocouma
                                             Neocouma ternstroemiacea
                                     Orthopichonia
                                             Orthopichonia barteri
                                                   [Orthopichonia lacourtiana]
                                             Orthopichonia cirrhosa
                                                   [Orthandra cirrhosa]
                                             Orthopichonia seretii
                                             Orthopichonia visciflua
                                     Pacouria
                                             Pacouria boliviensis
                                                   [Landolphia boliviensis]
                                             Pacouria guianensis
                                     Picralima
                                             Picralima nitida
                                     Pleiocarpa
                                             Pleiocarpa bicarpellata
                                                   [Hunteria ambiens]
                                             Pleiocarpa mutica
                                             Pleiocarpa pycnantha
                                     Pycnobotrya
                                             Pycnobotrya nitida
                                     Rhazya
                                             Rhazya stricta
                                     Rhigospira
                                             Rhigospira quadrangularis
                                     Schizozygia
                                             Schizozygia coffaeoides
                                     Tabernanthe
                                             Tabernanthe iboga
                                     Vahadenia
                                             Vahadenia laurentii
                                     Rhabdadenia
                                             Rhabdadenia biflora
                                                   [Rhabdadenia paludosa]
                                             Rhabdadenia madida
                                                   [Rhabdadenia macrostoma]
                                                   [Rhabdadenia pohlii]
                                             Rhabdadenia ragonesei
                                     Rhynchospermum
                                     Riocreuxia
                                             Riocreuxia chrysochroma
                                                   [Ceropegia chrysochroma]
                                             Riocreuxia polyantha
                                                   [Riocreuxia burchellii]
                                             Riocreuxia splendida
                                                   [Ceropegia splendida]
                                             Riocreuxia torulosa
                                                   [Ceropegia effusa]
                                     Roulinia
                                     Rouliniella
                                     Saba
                                             Saba comorensis
                                                   [Saba comorensis var. florida]
                                             Saba senegalensis
                                                   [Landolphia senegalensis]
                                     Sarcostemma
                                             Sarcostemma viminale
                                     Scyphostelma
                                             Scyphostelma confusum
                                                   [Cynanchum confusum]
                                             Scyphostelma pichinchense
                                                   [Cynanchum pichinchense]
                                     Secamone
                                             Secamone africana
                                                   [Secamone platystigma]
                                             Secamone afzelii
                                                   [Secamone myrtifolia]
                                             Secamone alpini
                                             Secamone discolor
                                             Secamone elliptica
                                               Secamone elliptica subsp. elliptica
                                                     [Secamone sinica]
                                             Secamone emetica
                                             Secamone filiformis
                                                   [Astephanus frutescens]
                                             Secamone fryeri
                                             Secamone geayi
                                             Secamone gerrardii
                                             Secamone insularis
                                             Secamone parvifolia
                                             Secamone punctulata
                              Secamonoideae
                                     Genianthus
                                             Genianthus bicoronatus
                                             Genianthus rectinervis
                                     Seutera
                                             Seutera angustifolia
                                                   [Cynanchum angustifolium]
                                                   [Cynanchum palustre]
                                                   [Cynanchum salinarum]
                                                   [Lyonia palustris]
                                             Seutera palmeri
                                                   [Cynanchum palmeri]
                                                   [Pattalias palmeri]
                                               Seutera palmeri var. palmeri
                                               Seutera palmeri var. peninsularis
                                                     [Cynanchum peninsulare]
                                     Skytanthus
                                             Skytanthus acutus
                                     Solanoa
                                     Spongiosperma
                                             Spongiosperma grandiflorum
                                             Spongiosperma oleifolium
                                             Spongiosperma riparium
                                     Stapelia
                                             Stapelia gigantea
                                                   [Stapelia nobilis]
                                             Stapelia hirsuta
                                     Stemmadenia
                                     Stephanotis
                                             Stephanotis abyssinica
                                                   [Dregea abyssinica]
                                             Stephanotis floribunda
                                                   [Marsdenia floribunda]
                                             Stephanotis grandiflora
                                             Stephanotis macrantha
                                                   [Dregea macrantha]
                                             Stephanotis schimperi
                                                   [Dregea schimperi]
                                             Stephanotis volubilis
                                                   [Dregea formosana]
                                                   [Wattakaka volubilis]
                                     Streptoechites
                                             Streptoechites chinensis
                                                   [Cleghornia chinensis]
                                                   [Epigynum chinense]
                                     Streptotrachelus
                                     Strophanthus
                                             Strophanthus barteri
                                             Strophanthus caudatus
                                             Strophanthus congoensis
                                             Strophanthus divaricatus
                                             Strophanthus eminii
                                             Strophanthus gratus
                                             Strophanthus hispidus
                                             Strophanthus kombe
                                             Strophanthus nicholsonii
                                             Strophanthus petersianus
                                             Strophanthus preussii
                                             Strophanthus sarmentosus
                                             Strophanthus singaporianus
                                             Strophanthus speciosus
                                                   [Strophanthus capensis]
                                             Strophanthus thollonii
                                             Strophanthus wallichii
                                             Strophanthus wightianus
                                     Tabernaemontana
                                             Tabernaemontana africana
                                                   [Conopharyngia chippii]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana chippii]
                                             Tabernaemontana alba
                                                   [Tabernaemontana amblyocarpa]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana chrysocarpa]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana paisavelensis]
                                             Tabernaemontana albiflora
                                             Tabernaemontana allenii
                                                   [Stemmadenia allenii]
                                             Tabernaemontana alternifolia
                                                   [Ervatamia heyneana]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana crispa]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana heyneana]
                                             Tabernaemontana amygdalifolia
                                                   [Tabernaemontana deamii]
                                             Tabernaemontana angulata
                                             Tabernaemontana apoda
                                             Tabernaemontana arborea
                                             Tabernaemontana attenuata
                                             Tabernaemontana aurantiaca
                                                   [Rejoua aurantiaca]
                                             Tabernaemontana bovina
                                             Tabernaemontana brachyantha
                                             Tabernaemontana bufalina
                                                   [Ervatamia ceratocarpa]
                                             Tabernaemontana calcarea
                                             Tabernaemontana catharinensis
                                                   [Peschiera australis]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana affinis]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana australis]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana hilariana]
                                             Tabernaemontana cerea
                                             Tabernaemontana cerifera
                                                   [Pagiantha cerifera]
                                             Tabernaemontana citrifolia
                                             Tabernaemontana coffeoides
                                             Tabernaemontana columbiensis
                                             Tabernaemontana cordata
                                             Tabernaemontana coriacea
                                             Tabernaemontana corymbosa
                                             Tabernaemontana crassa
                                             Tabernaemontana cumata
                                             Tabernaemontana cymosa
                                                   [Tabernaemontana arcuata]
                                             Tabernaemontana dichotoma
                                                   [Pagiantha dichotoma]
                                                   [Rejoua dichotoma]
                                             Tabernaemontana disticha
                                             Tabernaemontana divaricata
                                                   [Ervatamia coronaria]
                                                   [Ervatamia divaricata]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana coronaria]
                                             Tabernaemontana donnell-smithii
                                                   [Stemmadenia donnell-smithii]
                                             Tabernaemontana eglandulosa
                                             Tabernaemontana elegans
                                             Tabernaemontana eubracteata
                                             Tabernaemontana eusepala
                                             Tabernaemontana flavicans
                                                   [Tabernaemontana olivacea]
                                             Tabernaemontana gamblei
                                                   [Ervatamia caudata]
                                             Tabernaemontana glabra
                                                   [Stemmadenia mollis]
                                                   [Stemmadenia obovata var. mollis]
                                             Tabernaemontana grandiflora
                                                   [Stemmadenia grandiflora]
                                             Tabernaemontana heterophylla
                                                   [Stenosolen heterophyllus]
                                             Tabernaemontana hystrix
                                                   [Tabernaemontana fuchsiifolia]
                                             Tabernaemontana inconspicua
                                             Tabernaemontana laeta
                                                   [Peschiera laeta]
                                             Tabernaemontana laurifolia
                                             Tabernaemontana leeuwenbergiana
                                             Tabernaemontana letestui
                                             Tabernaemontana linkii
                                             Tabernaemontana litoralis
                                                   [Stemmadenia bella]
                                                   [Stemmadenia galeottiana]
                                                   [Stemmadenia insignis]
                                                   [Stemmadenia litoralis]
                                             Tabernaemontana longipes
                                                   [Tabernaemontana pendula]
                                             Tabernaemontana lorifera
                                             Tabernaemontana macrocalyx
                                             Tabernaemontana macrocarpa
                                             Tabernaemontana odontadeniiflora
                                                   [Stemmadenia obovata]
                                             Tabernaemontana oppositifolia
                                             Tabernaemontana orientalis
                                             Tabernaemontana pachysiphon
                                             Tabernaemontana palustris
                                             Tabernaemontana pandacaqui
                                                   [Ervatamia angustisepala]
                                                   [Ervatamia orientalis]
                                                   [Ervatamia pubescens]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana brachybotrys]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana mindorensis]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana rotensis]
                                             Tabernaemontana pauciflora
                                             Tabernaemontana pauli
                                             Tabernaemontana peduncularis
                                             Tabernaemontana penduliflora
                                                   [Conopharyngia penduliflora]
                                             Tabernaemontana psorocarpa
                                             Tabernaemontana retusa
                                             Tabernaemontana robinsonii
                                                   [Stemmadenia minima]
                                                   [Stemmadenia robinsonii]
                                             Tabernaemontana rupicola
                                                   [Anacampta rupicola]
                                             Tabernaemontana sananho
                                             Tabernaemontana siphilitica
                                                   [Tabernaemontana tetrastachya]
                                             Tabernaemontana solanifolia
                                             Tabernaemontana sphaerocarpa
                                             Tabernaemontana stapfiana
                                             Tabernaemontana thurstonii
                                             Tabernaemontana tomentosa
                                                   [Stemmadenia palmeri]
                                                   [Stemmadenia tomentosa var. palmeri]
                                                   [Stemmadenia tomentosa]
                                             Tabernaemontana undulata
                                             Tabernaemontana vanheurckii
                                             Tabernaemontana ventricosa
                                     Telminostelma
                                     Telosiphonia
                                     Telosma
                                             Telosma africana
                                                   [Pergularia africana]
                                             Telosma cordata
                                             Telosma pallida
                                                   [Pergularia pallida]
                                     Thenardia
                                             Thenardia chiapensis
                                             Thenardia floribunda
                                                   [Thenardia suaveolens]
                                             Thenardia galeottiana
                                     Thevetia
                                             Thevetia ahouai
                                                   [Cerbera ahouai]
                                                   [Cerbera nitida]
                                                   [Thevetia nitida]
                                             Thevetia bicornuta
                                             Thevetia peruviana
                                                   [Cascabela thevetia]
                                                   [Cerbera thevetia]
                                                   [Thevetia neriifolia]
                                             Thevetia thevetioides
                                     Thyrsanthella
                                             Thyrsanthella difformis
                                                   [Forsteronia difformis]
                                                   [Trachelospermum difforme]
                                     Tintinnabularia
                                             Tintinnabularia mortonii
                                     Tonduzia
                                             Tonduzia longifolia
                                                   [Alstonia longifolia]
                                                   [Rauvolfia longifolia]
                                     Toxocarpus
                                             Toxocarpus elmeri
                                             Toxocarpus himalensis
                                             Toxocarpus kleinii
                                             Toxocarpus longipetalus
                                             Toxocarpus merrillii
                                             Toxocarpus villosus
                                             Toxocarpus wightianus
                                     Trachelospermum
                                             Trachelospermum asiaticum
                                             Trachelospermum axillare
                                             Trachelospermum bodinieri
                                                   [Trachelospermum cathayanum]
                                             Trachelospermum brevistylum
                                             Trachelospermum dunnii
                                                   [Trachelospermum gracilipes var. cavaleriei]
                                             Trachelospermum gracilipes
                                                   [Trachelospermum majus]
                                                   [Trachelospermum siamense]
                                             Trachelospermum jasminoides
                                                   [Rhynchospermum jasminoides]
                                             Trachelospermum lucidum
                                                   [Trachelospermum fragrans]
                                             Trachelospermum stans
                                     Tweedia
                                             Tweedia andina
                                                   [Tweedia hookeri]
                                             Tweedia solanoides
                                                   [Oxypetalum solanoides]
                                     Tylophora
                                             Tylophora astephanoides
                                             Tylophora cordifolia
                                             Tylophora floribunda
                                                   [Cynanchum nikoense]
                                             Tylophora grandiflora
                                             Tylophora koi
                                             Tylophora polyantha
                                     Vailia
                                             Vailia anomala
                                                   [Blepharodon mucronatum]
                                                   [Philibertia anomala]
                                             Vailia salicina
                                                   [Blepharodon salicinum]
                                                   [Blepharodon triviale]
                                     Vallesia
                                             Vallesia antillana
                                             Vallesia aurantiaca
                                                   [Vallesia mexicana]
                                             Vallesia glabra
                                                   [Vallesia chiococcoides]
                                                   [Vallesia dichotoma]
                                             Vallesia laciniata
                                                   [Vallesia baileyana]
                                                   [Vallesia sinaloensis]
                                             Vallesia spectabilis
                                     Vinca
                                             Vinca acutiflora
                                             Vinca difformis
                                               Vinca difformis subsp. difformis
                                                     [Vinca media]
                                             Vinca erecta
                                             Vinca herbacea
                                             Vinca major
                                                   [Pervinca major]
                                                   [Vinca major var. variegata]
                                               Vinca major subsp. hirsuta
                                                     [Vinca pubescens]
                                             Vinca minor
                                     Vincetoxicum
                                           [Hybanthera]
                                           [Ischnostemma]
                                             Vincetoxicum amplexicaule
                                                   [Cynanchum amplexicaule]
                                             Vincetoxicum arenicola
                                                   [Tylophora arenicola]
                                             Vincetoxicum arnottianum
                                                   [Cynanchum arnottianum]
                                             Vincetoxicum atratum
                                                   [Cynanchum atratum]
                                             Vincetoxicum barbatum
                                                   [Tylophora barbata]
                                             Vincetoxicum biglandulosum
                                                   [Tylophora brackenridgei]
                                             Vincetoxicum calcaratum
                                             Vincetoxicum canescens
                                             Vincetoxicum carnosum
                                                   [Ischnostemma carnosum]
                                             Vincetoxicum cernuum
                                                   [Pleurostelma cernuum]
                                             Vincetoxicum changqinianum
                                                   [Pycnostelma paniculatum]
                                             Vincetoxicum conspicuum
                                                   [Tylophora conspicua]
                                             Vincetoxicum dalhousiae
                                                   [Cynanchum dalhousiae]
                                             Vincetoxicum flexuosum
                                                   [Tylophora flexuosa]
                                               Vincetoxicum flexuosum var. tenuis
                                                     [Tylophora tenuis]
                                                     [Tylophora tenuissima]
                                             Vincetoxicum floribundum
                                                   [Cynanchum floribundum]
                                             Vincetoxicum formosanum
                                                   [Cynanchum formosanum]
                                             Vincetoxicum forrestii
                                                   [Cynanchum forrestii]
                                             Vincetoxicum fruticulosum
                                                   [Cynanchum defoliascens]
                                             Vincetoxicum funebre
                                                   [Cynanchum funebre]
                                             Vincetoxicum fuscatum
                                               Vincetoxicum fuscatum subsp. fuscatum
                                                     [Cynanchum fuscatum]
                                                     [Vincetoxicum minus]
                                             Vincetoxicum grandifolium
                                                   [Cynanchum grandifolium]
                                             Vincetoxicum hirundinaria
                                                   [Cynanchum vincetoxicum]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum officinale]
                                               Vincetoxicum hirundinaria subsp. hirundinaria
                                                     [Asclepias lutea]
                                                     [Vincetoxicum album]
                                                     [Vincetoxicum hirundinaria subsp. intermedium]
                                               Vincetoxicum hirundinaria subsp. laxum
                                                     [Vincetoxicum laxum]
                                             Vincetoxicum inamoenum
                                                   [Cynanchum inamoenum]
                                             Vincetoxicum indicum
                                                   [Tylophora asthmatica]
                                                   [Tylophora indica]
                                               Vincetoxicum indicum var. glabrum
                                                     [Tylophora indica var. glabra]
                                             Vincetoxicum insulanum
                                                   [Cynanchum insulanum]
                                             Vincetoxicum jacquemontianum
                                                   [Cynanchum jacquemontianum]
                                             Vincetoxicum jailicola
                                                   [Vincetoxicum tauricum]
                                             Vincetoxicum lindleyi
                                                   [Tylophora ovata]
                                             Vincetoxicum lineare
                                                   [Pentatropis linearis]
                                                   [Rhyncharrhena linearis]
                                             Vincetoxicum lyciodes
                                                   [Tylophora lycioides]
                                             Vincetoxicum mongolicum
                                                   [Cynanchum hancockianum]
                                                   [Cynanchum mongolicum]
                                             Vincetoxicum muricatum
                                                   [Cynanchum muricatum]
                                             Vincetoxicum nigrum
                                                   [Cynanchum louiseae]
                                                   [Cynanchum nigrum]
                                             Vincetoxicum nipponicum
                                                   Vincetoxicum nipponicum f. abukumense
                                                         [Vincetoxicum glabrum]
                                             Vincetoxicum otophyllum
                                                   [Cynanchum otophyllum]
                                             Vincetoxicum paniculatum
                                                   [Cynanchum paniculatum]
                                                   [Tylophora paniculata]
                                             Vincetoxicum polyanthum
                                                   [Tylophora crebriflora]
                                             Vincetoxicum pubescens
                                                   [Cynanchum chinense]
                                             Vincetoxicum pumilum
                                                   [Cynanchum pumilum]
                                             Vincetoxicum rossicum
                                                   [Cynanchum medium]
                                                   [Cynanchum rossicum]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum medium]
                                             Vincetoxicum scandens
                                                   [Antitoxicum scandens]
                                             Vincetoxicum sootepense
                                                   [Tylophora sootepensis]
                                             Vincetoxicum stauntonii
                                                   [Cynanchum stauntonii]
                                             Vincetoxicum sublanceolatum
                                                   [Cynanchum maximowiczianum]
                                               Vincetoxicum sublanceolatum var. dickinsii
                                                     [Cynanchum dickinsii]
                                             Vincetoxicum tanakae
                                                   [Tylophora tanakae]
                                             Vincetoxicum tmoleum
                                                   [Antitoxicum tmoleum]
                                             Vincetoxicum villosum
                                                   [Hybanthera villosa]
                                             Vincetoxicum volubile
                                                   [Cynanchum volubile]
                                     Voacanga
                                             Voacanga africana
                                             Voacanga bracteata
                                             Voacanga chalotiana
                                             Voacanga foetida
                                             Voacanga globosa
                                             Voacanga grandifolia
                                                   [Voacanga papuana]
                                             Voacanga havilandii
                                             Voacanga megacarpa
                                             Voacanga thouarsii
                                     Willughbeia
                                             Willughbeia angustifolia
                                                   [Willughbeia elmeri]
                                             Willughbeia beccariana
                                                   [Urnularia beccariana]
                                             Willughbeia coriacea
                                             Willughbeia flavescens
                                                   [Urnularia flavescens]
                                             Willughbeia lanceolata
                                                   [Urnularia lanceolata]
                                             Willughbeia tenuiflora

Problematic Rooting (60720)
                                             Ibatia fiebrigii
                                                   [Matelea fiebrigii]
                                             Ibatia ganglinosa
                                                   [Matelea ganglinosa]

Problematic Rooting (69821)
                                               Gomphocarpus fruticosus subsp. flavidus
                                               Gomphocarpus fruticosus subsp. fruticosus
                                                     [Asclepias glabra]